Mastic or self-leveling roofing is made on the basis of bituminous mastic. At the end of hardening, it turns into an elastic material similar to rubber. This type of coating retains high waterproofing properties even at -50 degree frosts and heating up to +120 degrees. Among the variety of waterproof materials, self-leveling roofs are the most durable and wear-resistant.
The use of mastic as an independent waterproofing roofing material significantly reduces the cost of construction due to the high level of mechanization of work, which reduces labor costs by 5-10 times compared to other technologies.
Due to reliable waterproofing and high wear resistance, such roofs are widely used in the construction of industrial facilities.
The undeniable advantage of the self-leveling roof is the absence of a seam. Nevertheless, the following minus also takes place: when performing work, it is required to obtain a single coating thickness over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe base, with the exception of grooves, ridge, ribs and junctions.
If necessary, the mastic waterproofing carpet can be reinforced with a special mesh, usually made of fiberglass.
Advice! When installing a self-leveling roof, you must not forget about the features of this material. Do not start work if precipitation is expected or if the substrate to be coated is damp.
Classification of materials for mastic-based roofing
Self-leveling roofs by their design are reinforced, non-reinforced and combined and, as a rule, consist of 3-5 layers.
The technology of such a roof device provides for the application of the first protective layer by spraying a hot composition onto a pre-prepared base, after which an elastic waterproof film is formed on the base, on which the following layers are then applied.
- Unreinforced roofs are continuous waterproofing coatings formed by applying an EGIK emulsion layer and a number of moisture-proof mastic layers with a total thickness of about 10 mm to the base of the roof. Fine gravel or stone chips are added to the top layer as a filler.
- Reinforced roofs are continuous waterproofing coatings, which consist of 3-5 layers of bitumen-polymer emulsion. At the same time, the middle layers of such roofs are reinforced with materials based on fiberglass (usually fiberglass mesh or fiberglass is used). Reinforcing increases the life of the roof.
- Combined roofs are mounted with alternating layers of mastic with layers of rolled materials. The device of the lower layers is made of inexpensive materials. On top of such coatings, as a rule, an additional layer of mastic is applied, reinforced with waterproof paint or fine gravel.
By the magnitude of the slope of the roof, self-leveling are classified as follows:
- Flat roof, the slope of which does not exceed 2.5%. Labor costs for the installation of such roofs are minimal, since the molten material is practically unable to drain. This allows you to arrange such roofs without reinforcement.
- With a slope of 2.5 to 25%. In this case, the work is carried out using reinforcing materials that prevent the flow of the molten composition before it hardens.
- Pitched standard roof. With a slope of more than 25%. Installation of mastic and rolled roofs with such slopes is highly discouraged.
The device of self-leveling roofs
Now we will describe in more detail the technology of installation of self-leveling roofs.
The device of a self-leveling roof usually begins with the application of a protective layer to the cleaned base. The layer is made of hot mastic filled with fine gravel or mineral chips.
Each subsequent layer is applied at the end of the complete hardening of the previous layer, and it may or may not be reinforced, depending on the technology chosen.
The coating material is hot bitumen mastic, bitumen-rubber mastic or cold bitumen-latex emulsion with a coagulator. The average thickness of each layer is about 2 mm.
Concrete slabs with a flat surface can serve as the basis for the roof. Sometimes the plates are primed with a cement-sand mortar.
For a better connection, a solution of bitumen in kerosene is applied to the surface of the slabs (the base for a self-leveling roof) (when using a bitumen-latex emulsion, the primer is prepared from the same emulsion, but without a coagulator).
Asbestos can be added as a filler to molten bituminous mastics.
The roofing device begins with the grooves and the locations of the water intake funnels (low-level places).
All layers are laid in the following sequence:
- Reinforcing fabrics are spread on the base.
- Apply a layer over the canvas hot bituminous roofing mastics. As a result, the reinforcing layer is well impregnated and firmly adheres to the base.
- A layer of gravel is applied on top for protective purposes.
The edge of the roof is additionally reinforced with a 500-600mm layer of mastic, as well as reinforcing material. Close the eaves with a drain of galvanized steel.
The indicator of mechanization in the arrangement of mastic coatings reaches 90%, while when using roofing material in roofing work, this indicator is only 30%.
The volume of labor costs is reduced by about 2-3 times, and the period of time before the need for the next repair increases by 3 times.
The scope of application of bulk coating is very wide. This technology is used in the construction of industrial and residential buildings, with roof repair with alternative coatings, when insulating basements.
Self-leveling roofs have a lot of advantages, which makes them an attractive choice in every respect.
As for the consumption of materials, when building a new roof, it is about 8 kg mastics for the roof per square meter of area, when repairing an old roof or its additional waterproofing - at most 4 kg / sq.m.
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