Expanding the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house is the dream of many people. Mansard roofs allow you to get additional space by investing a minimum amount of money.
A do-it-yourself mansard roof is built quickly and quite simply. At the same time, you can save on hired workers, since you can handle it yourself with the help of a few friends.
To get a fairly spacious attic, the roof slopes “break” at different angles.
The mansard roof is broken and this type of roof is planned during the design of the house in order to ensure maximum use of the attic space with the proper level of comfort.
At the same time, in the general design of the building, the walls and foundation must be calculated in advance for the installation of a mansard roof.
What should be paid attention to when building a mansard roof?
Tip! At the angle of inclination of the roof itself. How does our attic depend on the angle of the roof? The height of the ceiling of the rooms must be at least 2.2 m, the angle of the roof takes up the usable area of the room.
The larger the angle of inclination, the smaller the usable area of the room and vice versa, the smaller the angle of inclination of the roof, the greater the attic area, since the angle of inclination takes the height from the room itself.
But you should not joke with the angle of inclination, since it is responsible for dumping precipitation from the roof. If your house is located in a steppe area where windy weather prevails, then the angle of inclination of the roof can be significantly reduced.
- If the house is being built in a quiet forest corner, then the angle of inclination must be increased, despite the desire to make the attic more spacious, since during heavy snowfalls the snow should slide off the roof faster.
- On the device of hydro, heat and double pitched roof soundproofing. The attic is a living space, therefore the requirements for these parameters are the same as for the rest of the living rooms. The covering of the roof itself is responsible for thermal insulation.
- Attic roofs are covered with either slate or ceramic tiles, experts do not recommend metal, due to poor thermal insulation. Use non-combustible materials for thermal insulation of the roof, and treat the wooden materials of the roof itself with antifungal solutions.
- The device of mansard roofs provides for the presence of stairs. You can use an external or internal ladder.When building an external staircase, the useful area of the house itself does not decrease, but you can only get into the attic room from the street.
- Internal stairs are more convenient to use, but they take up a lot of space inside the house. The most cost-effective indoor ladder in terms of footprint is the ceiling ladder, which swings downwards. Also a little usable area in the room is occupied by a spiral staircase.
Materials and tools
Your attention! The roof of a house with an attic does not require too large financial investments, although it will cost a little more than a conventional gable roof with an attic.
We list what materials are needed for the construction of a slate mansard roof:
- wooden bars (10, 12, 15);
- unedged boards;
- slate nails;
- slate;
- nails (for 80);
- hydrobarrier;
- insulation;
- annealed wire (3-4 mm)
- stretch wire
- 40-50mm boards 150mm wide.
Now we will prepare the tools that we will need in the construction of the roof. There is no need to run to the store and buy professional equipment.
Everything we need is in every home:
- hammer;
- axe;
- sharp knife;
- construction stapler with staples;
- hacksaw;
- plumb;
- roulette.
roof construction
A do-it-yourself attic roof is quite real.
Mansard roofs made of metal differ in a broken line of the slope: two slopes at a small angle of inclination diverge downward from the central ridge and pass to two steep lower slopes. Such a device allows you to maximize the useful volume under the roof.
Do-it-yourself roof with an attic is being built in stages
- It is necessary to lay the beams on which the rafter beams will be installed. To do this, take wooden beams with a section of 10x10 centimeters and lay them on waterproofing. The simplest waterproofing remains roll materials made of roofing felt or roofing material. If you have a wooden floor, then the lower beam does not need to be laid, the floor beams will perform its function.
- We install racks on the beams, for which we take wooden bars with a section of 10x10 centimeters, and the distance between the racks should not be more than 2 meters. Racks are placed on a plumb line strictly perpendicular and in the same plane, as they will be the skeleton on which the walls of the attic will be held. Inside, you can upholster them with plywood or drywall, outside we sheathe them with slabs, and insulation is laid between the skins. We fix the racks with metal brackets or spiked joints. To support the uprights in a vertical position, we strengthen them with temporary braces.
- The next step will be laying the top beam. To do this, take a wooden beam with a section of 10x10 cm and fix it in a way convenient for you.
- After the end of the sub-rafter frame devices, we proceed to the Mauerlat device. What is Mauerlat? This is the lower beam, which is the support for the rafter leg. Mauerlat can be made from a board with a thickness of 40 mm or a beam of similar section. Mauerlat is necessary for the strong fastening of the roof rafters to the walls of the building and at the same time transfers the vertical load from the roof to the walls. Since the Mauerlat board or beam lies completely on the wall, the cross section of the beam can not be increased for a margin of safety.But what needs to be done is to put a waterproofing layer of roofing material under the Mauerlat to prevent it from getting wet from the walls and, as a result, from rotting.
- Since the mauerlat keeps the roof from the effects of winds and prevents it from tipping over, it should be additionally attached to the wall with an annealed wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm. Annealed wire is knitting wire embedded in a wall to give strength to the wall. Most often, the Mauerlat board and rafters are connected with nails, and for reliability, the rafters are also screwed to the Mauerlat board with annealed wire.
- It's time to install the rafter legs. First you need to mark the step (distance) on the Mauerlat and the rafter frame for the location of the rafters. The recommended step for installing the rafters is 100-120 cm. We lay the extreme rafters to the front first, but make sure that the top of the rafters coincides with the line of the edge of the pediment. Rafters are made from 40-50 mm boards 150 mm wide. Boards should be straight with a small number of knots (no more than three pieces per linear meter). After installing the end rafters, stretch the twine between them to facilitate the installation of all other rafters. After installing all the rafters at the top, they should be connected to each other.
- The drawing of the mansard roof provides for the installation of a ridge beam at the top, on which the rafter legs rest. This beam is required if the mansard roof is large and therefore heavy. With a rafter length of less than 8 meters, the ridge beam does not need to be installed, but extensions should be made under the ridge. Stretch marks will be additional insurance when snow is loaded onto the roof. Stretch marks can be used as ceiling beams of the attic floor.
- The next step is to install fillies.The installation of the filly occurs in the same way as the installation of the rafters. Two extreme ones are installed, the twine is pulled and the rest are displayed along it. Fillies are an indispensable element of the mansard roof, since in case of decay it is incomparably easier to change them than to replace the rafter board with dismantling the entire roof.
- A hem board is nailed onto the filly, which prevents wind and precipitation from blowing into the under-roof space during heavy snowstorms.
- In places where the project provides for windows (it is recommended to allocate at least 12.5% of the total area of the side walls of the attic for them), the rafters are reinforced with transverse beams, which will simultaneously act as the upper and lower parts of the opening, on which the window frame will be attached.
- The roof skeleton is ready. Now we nail the laths of the batten to the rafters with a step depending on the choice of roofing material.
- A hydrobarrier (polyethylene film) is attached to the crate with conventional construction brackets, overlapping layer by layer from bottom to top.
- Thermal insulation is laid on the hydrobarrier. As a rule, it is mineral wool, which provides sufficient thermal protection, high durability and prevents the spread of rodents.
- We lay the roof. We produce flooring from the bottom up. In the place of a break in the roof, the roof of the upper sloping edge should protrude above the flooring of the lower one.
- Installing the horse. Its design should be such as to exclude the possibility of precipitation under the roof.
Do not forget to make do-it-yourself mansard roofs multi-layered with thermal insulation. The attic roof must have ventilation windows.
Windows in a gabled mansard roof important for removing warm air from the room.
When you are building a mansard roof, the drawing must necessarily include window openings.
You can, of course, put windows only in the gables of the attic, but two windows will not provide sufficient lighting. In addition, you will deprive yourself of the opportunity to observe the starry sky or raindrops overhead.
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