Modern buildings have the most uncomplicated structures, including roofs. Everyone wants to have a different house than everyone else. The most important question that worries every builder of a private house is how to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof and, accordingly, the materials for its construction. Such calculations complicate the complex and broken elements in the roof structure. In our article, we will tell you that the calculation of a hipped roof can be done independently, without resorting to the services of construction engineers.
To begin with, let's figure out what are the design features of modern roofs.
Main types of roofs
In modern construction, the following types of roofs are distinguished:
- Shed, it has one slope - from wall to wall. Such roofs are most often built near buildings that are located on busy city streets, where it is impossible to equip snow discharge and drainage. Suitable for simple buildings: garages, sheds, workshops, warehouses.
- Gable roof. The most common option, can be used for buildings of any type.
- 4 x pitched roof has four slopes. Its varieties: half hip, tent, attic, steeple.
- A semi-hipped roof is most often used in the construction of a summer house.
- Mansard roofs has broken elements. It is most often equipped above the residential area of country houses of country type. The attic has gained particular popularity due to the economical consumption of materials for its construction.
- A hipped roof is most often used in the construction of a house with a polygonal or rectangular plan. The vertices of this roof converge to one point.
- Roof 4 pitched spire-shaped consists of several steep slopes-triangles, which are connected at its top. Structural elements of such a roof: towers, bay windows, wall round structures.
As can be seen from the descriptions, pitched roofs have a more complex structure and, in order to put them on their own, you will need the help of a few more hands.
The presence of a specialist is desirable, his advice and practical guidance will come in handy.
Before proceeding with construction, it is necessary to make a project of a hipped roof.You can't do without it. The ideal option for a roof project is to contact a design engineer.
Only a specialist will be able to correctly calculate all dimensions and complete a complex roof project. However, if you were “friends” with geometry and mathematics at school and are confident in your knowledge, then you can easily cope on your own.
We calculate the area of \u200b\u200ba hipped roof
The calculation of the area of \u200b\u200ba hipped roof depends primarily on how complex its configuration and its structural elements are. Consider the example of a simple roof in the form of a pyramid.
It is quite clear that for the calculations you will need:
- knowledge of the pyramid area formula;
- calculate the area of one slope.
Recall from the school geometry course: to find the area of the side surface of the pyramid, you need to find the sum of the areas of the side faces. After we calculate the area of \u200b\u200bone slope according to the formula, we multiply the result by 4.
Important: double-check your calculations more than once, since an error in the big direction is fraught with excessive expenditure of funds for the purchase of building materials and, conversely, an error in the smaller direction will lead to the purchase of insufficient quantities of materials.
Please note: most roofing materials overlap, so they need to be purchased with a margin. Moreover, you need to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe slope, starting with the cornice overhangs. About 7-10% of the material will go to trim, this also needs to be taken into account.
An unmistakable option is to contact a specialized company.Modern computer programs (calculators) allow you to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe hipped roof in more detail and quality.
Moreover, you should not try to independently calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe non-standard shape of the roof - mistakes cannot be avoided.
How to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof of a complex shape
When building a house according to an individual and standard project, the roof area is a predetermining factor in the total cost of the house.
After the calculation of the roof coverage area with roofing materials, you will be able to find out the total cost of the house. Sometimes you have to change the project to reduce the cost of building a house.
How to calculate the area of a hipped roof, for example, knowing only its top view (roof projection), and the roof itself will be pitched? Here we again can not do without a school course in mathematics, or rather geometry.
So, we proceed to the sketch of the future roof. To begin with, let's break the roof area into its components - geometric objects.
Depending on the design features of the roof, these can be: triangles (most often), rectangles, trapezoids and parallelepipeds (less often). We calculate the area of each geometric element separately using the formulas for finding their areas.
We take into account the fact that the roof has a certain slope angle, and therefore each geometric structural element is also at a certain slope with respect to the ground.
Therefore, we multiply the area of \u200b\u200beach element obtained by the cosine of the angle of inclination and add up all the results. Thus, a 4-pitched roof, its area will be calculated.
Important: to calculate the parameters of a hipped roof according to its cornice overhangs, and not along the edges of the building. This is required by roofing technology.
Action plan when calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof:
- Do not subtract from the calculations the following structural elements of the roof: ventilation openings, chimneys, dormers and roof windows.
- Measure the length of the slope on the roof as accurately as possible. It must be measured in the direction from the bottom of the ridge to the top of the ledge.
- Do not forget to add some length for such elements: parapets, firewall walls, overhangs.
- It is important to know what type of roofing you will use. Since each material has its own characteristics of calculation and consumption.
- Remember: when covering the roof with rolled material or tiles, the length of its slopes will decrease by at least 70 cm.
We talked about how to calculate the hipped roof of the most complex structures. Knowing the mathematical formulas for finding the areas of figures, being able to calculate the cosine of an angle, you can calculate the total area of \u200b\u200bthe roof.
If the roof area is the simplest and the slope angle is no more than 30 degrees, then calculating the area of \u200b\u200ba gable roof will not be difficult.
You need to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe slope (this is usually a rectangle) and multiply the result by the cosine of the slope angle. In the event that the roof configuration is more complex, we recommend using specialized computer programs. This will eliminate errors in the calculation and give the most accurate result.
When calculating the roof area, it is important to consider the following points:
- The configuration and design features of the roof.
- What material will be used to cover the roof.
So, the calculation of the roof area depends on what type of roof will be on the house.So, for the construction of utility rooms, a combined view of the roof can be used.
Then it is not difficult to calculate the area of \u200b\u200ba given roof: we multiply the length of the structure by its width. That's all - we calculated the area of \u200b\u200bthis roof.
Before you calculate the area of \u200b\u200ba hipped roof, you need to find out its type: attic or attic. It is much more difficult to make such calculations, especially since the roof can have a wide variety of configurations: multi-pinched, hip and others.
For the basis of calculations in these calculations, we drill the angle of the roof slope. It can fluctuate in parameters: 11-70 degrees. Recall that the angle of inclination of the roof depends on the climatic conditions in which the house is built.
Although many experts assure that a roof slope of 45 degrees is enough even in the most unfavorable areas in terms of climatic factors.
How to calculate roof area for different materials
There are many factors to consider when purchasing roofing materials. For example, how to calculate a hipped roof, taking into account the characteristics of a particular roofing material.
Each material has its own design features. It can be: pieces, sheets, square meters.
Consider the calculation of the roof area for different materials:
- Slate coatings. In order to calculate the coverage area for the roof, we need to know: the width of the overhang, the length and width of the house. Calculations will be made according to the formula: (width of two overhangs + length of the house) times (width of two overhangs + width of the house) times the cosine of the slope angle.Be sure to consider the size of the slate sheet, the width of the overlap (usually 10-14 cm) and the junctions of the ventilation and plumbing.
- Coverings from a metal tile. We need to know: the sum of the entire length of the ridge, the sum of the entire length of the cornice overhangs, the width and length of the house, the length of all junctions, valleys, the total length of the ridges. Consider the type and number of slopes on the roof. You also need to know the size of the metal tile sheet, leaving 10-15% for trimming. It is quite clear that the calculation of a 2-pitched roof is the easiest to do.
- Soft roof coverings. The roof area is found by the formula: (two widths of overhangs + length of the house) times (two widths of overhangs + house width), times the cosine of the angle of inclination. Separately, you need to calculate the coverage area of \u200b\u200bskates and valleys.
The calculation of the roof area, made in accordance with the above rules, will achieve an excellent result.
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