Roof construction technology, as well as high-quality material, play an important role in creating the so-called "box". In turn, adhering to technological features when creating a roof, its protection from precipitation and gusts of wind is guaranteed.
Advice. Roofing work, as a rule, should be carried out before the arrival of cold weather.
Price formation
The estimate for the construction of the roof directly depends on the complexity of the development.
On average, the price of a roof ranges from 5 to 20% of the cost of all construction costs.Of course, everything directly depends on the chosen material and the direct purpose of the premises located under the roof, residential or non-residential.
An important role is also played by the shape of the roof and the presence of additionally created elements: skylights, balconies, chimneys, hatches and others.
Thus, the more complex the roof is configured, the more material is consumed and, accordingly, more waste remains, and therefore, its construction is more expensive. Therefore, the roof of a complex structure must be covered with small-piece roofing material.
This is what will help reduce the amount of material and waste.
When choosing a material, organizing a step-by-step construction of a roof, it is also necessary to pay great attention to its quality and appearance, which are the decisive argument in setting the price of the entire roof.
Organization of ventilation and tightness
At first glance, ensuring tightness and arranging ventilation ducts are completely opposite concepts. Nevertheless, the higher the quality and better ventilation of the roofing cake, the longer it will retain its properties, that is, remain intact and tight.
Separately for each of the types of roofing materials, the roof construction technology differs only in the features of the organization of ventilation devices.
Thus, the ventilation kit for tiles includes specialized aero elements for ridges and eaves. In addition to arranging gaps for ventilation, it is worth organizing a stable circulation of air flow from the eaves to the ridge.
When creating a soft roof, special cornice boxes are mounted near the ridge, and factory-made ventilation ducts are also arranged.
The metal tile is completed with a ridge bar. A special sealing material is installed under it - foamed polyurethane.
Making a roofing cake
As a rule, the service life of modern roofing material is at least 40 years. It is for this reason that the choice of external coating is the main factor in calculating the cost of the material and the installation work performed.
For a more detailed and complete calculation, it is also necessary to know the list of all the components that will make up the roof structure.
The construction of the roof of a private house and the creation of a roofing pie are exactly the same for all its types.
In turn, the outer covering of the roof creates a general impression of the house, and also takes on the influence of atmospheric influences, determining the overall structure of the entire roof.
Since the internal microclimate is more stable than the external one, a number of cyclical changes occur that affect the roof structure:
- changing wind direction and speed
- there is a significant temperature difference.
That is why the components of the roofing "pie" require a general coordination among themselves, which should be ensured during installation, otherwise accelerated aging of the material and damage to the supporting structures will occur, and, accordingly, the design properties and strength of the roof will be lost.
Consequently:
- roof slopes begin to sag,
- wet patches appear
- mold forms on the walls.
All this creates great discomfort for residents, and also spoils the appearance of the building itself, especially if the roof of the extension to the house sags.
A careful and competent approach to arranging the vulnerabilities of such a structure as the roof of a house with your own hands, especially at the intersection of its slopes, will ensure the tightness and reliability of the entire roofing pie. Properly choosing a roof covering, you will spend your money wisely and successfully equip the roof.
Advice. Also, do not forget that the warranty can only apply to the material, mounted in compliance with the instructions for its installation.
The device and process of building a roof
Consider the question of how to build a roof frame, or rather the process of making a “puff roofing cake” and separately each of its five layers:
- Wooden rafter leg - rests on the Mauerlat and is laid on the wall - the rafters are made of pine or larch, in the absence of knots and with a humidity of not more than 20%. The wooden components of the future roof are treated with a fire-fighting agent and an antiseptic - an antifungal compound. Traditional rafters should have a section of 50 mm by 150 mm, as this is the most optimal ratio of bearing capacity to dead weight do-it-yourself roof rafters to ensure the most convenient manual installation.
- Film hydrobarrier - is laid on the rafters. If ventilation is properly arranged in the under-roof space, the accumulated moisture simply disappears. But still, it is better not to engage in savings, since waterproofing is an additional protection for wooden truss structures.If a small amount of steam has penetrated into the insulation, especially if the arrangement of the roof with a vapor barrier layer is organized with special care, then there is nothing to worry about, since it will still retain its thermal insulation properties.
- The clamping counter-lattice measuring 25 mm by 50 mm is nailed along the length of the truss system over the waterproofing film. It does not apply if the film is not used structurally. The crate is designed for ventilation and ensuring free air circulation under the roof.
- Horizontal lathing - serves to fasten the roofing and is nailed directly to the counter lathing. On a bituminous roof, a base of OSB boards, 25 mm boards or waterproof plywood is organized. Next, the roofing material is fixed on the crate. The cross-sectional parameters of the lathing depend on the type of roofing. When creating eaves and ridge knots, valleys and docking points with chimneys, a solid wooden base is organized, and for soft tiles - a base of OSB boards is organized, and attic windows are installed between the rafters.
- Roofing - fastened to the crate, flexible tiles are laid on a carpet of bitumen.
- Having passed the above stages of the construction of the roof, you can proceed to its insulation. Under the hydro-barrier film, insulation is laid between the rafters, with a minimum thickness of 150 mm. It is laid after the roofing work is completed, and the humidity drops to 18%.
- To ensure thermal insulation, it is recommended to use mineral wool, which has high fire resistance and vapor permeability, while its properties and original dimensions do not change.
- The vapor barrier film is attached under the insulation. It protects the heat-insulating material from vapors.
And how to make a roof on the extension, and properly lay the vapor barrier, we will consider below. The basis of the most modern vapor barrier materials used mainly for joining roofs is a layer of reinforced polyethylene.
To ensure tightness, the joints are overlapped and subsequently glued with a specialized tape.
The heat insulator and vapor barrier, as a rule, are attached to the inside of the room, but it happens that they nail it under the rafters, and a heater is laid on top of them. This method is used when the thermal insulation material is stored outside the building under construction.
Roof reconstruction
For example, how to rebuild a roof if real tiles are ten times heavier than roofing iron? For this, the calculation of the truss system is carried out taking into account not only the own weight of the structure, but also the possible approximate weight of the snow.
As a result, it turns out that in order to equip the roof with natural tiles, it is necessary to strengthen the rafter part of the roof by 20%. Accordingly, the total load of the roof when exposed to the foundation can increase from 2 to 4%.
The attic ceiling is sheathed to your liking. You can use wood paneling, drywall for painting, plywood, siding and many other materials.
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