Sediment water drainage is an important part of the life support of a building. Despite the apparent simplicity and rich history of the device (the first samples of drainage channels date back to at least the ancient era), nevertheless, the installation of a drainage system has its own nuances. In addition, new materials and installation methods have appeared on the market, which not everyone knows about.
Of course, it is not as difficult to calculate and install roof drainage elements as it is to arrange a foundation or roof load-bearing structures. But you need to know how to do it right. How to ensure the long and trouble-free operation of your drains - later in the article.
The precipitation drainage system is very important for the safety of the roof, walls and foundation of the building.After all, water is one of the main elements of the aggressive impact of the environment on all structures of the structure. In liquid form, it moisturizes knots and parts, weakening them and contributing to rotting and other troubles.
Freezing in the roughness of various surfaces, it is able to break almost any of the existing building materials. Therefore, the design and proper installation of the drainage system is very important for the protection of the building.
The composition of the drainage structures includes:
- catchment arearepresented by roofing. It is here that the first impact of precipitation occurs, and further precipitation is discharged from the roof slopes.
- Primary water collector - this is a system of gutters that receive the liquid discharged from the slopes and transfer it for further discharge. In some cases, mainly flat roofs, this element may be missing. In such cases, water collectors are mounted directly into the roof, and further precipitation is transported inside the building to the place of discharge.
- Downspouts - in them, the liquid from the trays enters through a system of funnels, and then passes to the place of discharge.
- Waste receiver – can be equipped in several ways:
- Discharge "to the ground" is the simplest system, which provides for diversion directly to the territory of the personal plot, or, in a more complex version, with the help of drainage outside it.
- Discharge into a special storm sewer with subsequent discharge either to the central collector, or - in the direction of a nearby reservoir, or - in the same way as in the first case, to the ground.
- Accumulation in a special receiver.If the roof area is not too large, and the territory and funds allow the installation of drainage systems in this way, this is the best option. The collected precipitation, especially in humid regions, can be an excellent source of technical, and with additional purification, drinking water. In a few years, such a tank will certainly pay for itself.
Important information!
There is also a method of spontaneous water discharge, which is usually used on shed roofs, flat or with a slight slope.
In this case, no diverting elements are used; water drains freely from the eaves to the adjacent territory.
When organizing drainage using this method, visors or similar structures are mounted above the entrances to the building, and the overhang (the part of the roof protruding beyond the perimeter of the walls) must deviate from the main elements of the building by at least 600 mm
Currently, the drainage system can be made of the following materials:
- Galvanized iron
- PVC
- Aluminum
- Copper
- Zinc-titanium alloy (also contains copper)
In most cases, building owners choose PVC. This material is quite durable, strong, lightweight, easy to process and looks good on any roof. However, regardless of the material, the elements and principles by which the installation of gutters is carried out are the same.
At the system roof drainage There are two main parameters: this is the diameter of the gutter (respectively, the downpipe) and its length. The diameter is calculated by a simple formula: 1 sq. cm of its cross section is able to skip drains from 1 sq. m roof.The length, of course, depends on the appropriate size for the roof, but there is one more rule.
For 1 receiving funnel (and hence the drainage pipe) there should be no more than 10 running meters. m of gutter length. With a longer slope, the runoff is distributed into two funnels at the corners of the building. If this is not enough, according to the same principle, the required number of intermediate pipes is installed along the length of the roof.
Installation of the drain is carried out in a suspended way - with the help of hooks attached directly to the rafters, or to a cornice board, or wall-mounted - then special brackets are used that are attached to the wall material.
Most often, when a drainage system is installed, installation is provided for on hooks, since they are cheaper, easier to calculate and install. In addition, with their help it is easier to regulate the exact location of the tray under the overhang (the edge of the roofing material should fall on ½ of the tray diameter).
Wall brackets are used in difficult areas, or for aesthetic reasons. In any case, the distance between the fasteners should not be more than half a meter.
Advice!
Like any sewer system, roof drains require slopes.
The laying must be taken at the rate of 1-2 cm per linear meter of the tray.
With a larger drop, the water will pick up too much speed and splash out over its sides, especially at the corners
Since most manufacturers have in their assortment a complete set of accessories for the installation of any sections of the drainage system, each one has its own installation instructions for the drainage system.
However, they all include approximately the same sequence of actions, which have the following order:
- The required number of fasteners and the required slopes are calculated. Hooks have a special bend zone. By bending them at a greater or lesser distance from the top edge, you can adjust the height of the tray. Fasteners begin to bend in the right place, starting from the top edge of the tray. Each next one is bent in such a way that its length is 2-5 mm longer than that of the previous one.
Since such a small gap in the deformation is difficult to notice by eye, each mount is numbered. Then the longest and shortest hooks (extreme) are installed, a rope is pulled between them, indicating the bottom of the gutter. The rest are installed in ascending order, starting from the "blind" edge of the tray. Long hooks, the bend of which allows this, are attached above the waterproofing to the rafters or crate, short ones - to the cornice (frontal) board.
Important information!
Since, when the gutters are attached, the installation must be carried out with a certain slope of the gutter from the building (the front edge, farthest from the wall, should be 6 mm lower than the rear), this must be taken into account when bending the hooks
- Trays can have a semicircular (the most common), rectangular or sinusoidal section in cross section. Regardless of the profile that the drainage systems have, the installation of the drainage system provides for the installation of funnels.
If the funnel is installed in the middle of the tray, a hole for it is cut out with a hacksaw or roofing scissors, after which its apron is fixed from below. If the part is installed on the edge of the tray, there are special standard fasteners for this.After all the funnels are installed, plugs are installed in the blind edge of the tray, and the structure is mounted on the mounts. Hooks have a special spout for this, into which the gutter is first installed at an angle of 90 degrees, and then rotated. Establish regular joints and corners of gutters
- Installation of downpipes is carried out similarly to sewer pipes, on wall mounts. Figured parts with knees are assembled, the rest - from top to bottom. Fasteners have special latches or screw clamps that press the installed sections.
Regardless of what type of coating is used on the roof, where the roof drainage systems are installed, they are installed before the installation of the roofing material. The process is completed by connecting the installed pipes to the water collector, or by installing waste that diverts the jet from the wall of the building.
If all the requirements and technology are met, as required by the instructions describing the installation of the drainage system, it will not be difficult. And the finished installation will serve for a long time and reliably.
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