Modern hard roofing has such important features as reliability and aesthetics, for which it has gained wide popularity among developers.
The main types of rigid roofs are galvanized steel, metal tiles and non-ferrous metal roofing.
Materials for hard roofing have their own sets of positive and negative properties, technical characteristics and price range.
Advantages of hard roofs
Rigid roofs, especially their metallic variations, offer a number of advantages over softer alternatives:
- Due to their smooth surface, precipitation in the form of snow and rain can roll off the roof surface without hindrance without stopping on it.
- Despite the fact that most hard roof materials are made of metal, they are relatively light in weight, and this has the effect of reducing costs in the manufacture and installation of more powerful roof trusses and purlins, which are designed for significant roofing loads.
- In addition, most hard roof materials can be bent to the required technological angle. This property allows their successful application in the construction of roofs of any shape and design.
Features of corrugated board and its device
The material is a profiled metal sheet, the profile cross-section of which is presented in the form of a trapezoid. It is obtained by cold rolling galvanized steel.
The surface of the corrugated board can be covered with a special polymer layer.
Features of corrugated board installation:
- The minimum slope at which the installation of corrugated board is possible is 8 degrees.
- Lateral overlap is usually performed at half the profile wave, and for flat roofs - wider. For roofs with a slope of more than 10 degrees, the vertical overlap is at least 10 cm, less than 10 degrees - 20-25 cm.
- Installation of the profile starts from the end of the roof, laying the plates perpendicularly.
- Sheets are fastened by means of self-tapping screws 4.8-38 mm in size, screwed into the deflections of the profile waves. Screw consumption per 1 sq.m. averages 6 units.On the eaves and crest, the screws are screwed into the deflections of every second wave, in the middle - into each board of the crate.
- Between themselves, the sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws or rivets in increments of up to 0.5 m.
Seam roof device
Installation of a hard roof of this type is carried out using internal fasteners or simply folds. They are standing and recumbent, single and double.
The main advantage of a folded roof is the absence of through holes when attaching metal sheets, which is achieved due to such structural elements as kleimers.
Mount the seam roof as follows:
- After lifting the folded paintings to the roof, they are attached to the crate with the help of kleimers.
- Fasteners are placed along the edge of the sheet with a step of no more than 60 cm, and they are attached to the crate with 4.8 * 28 mm galvanized self-tapping screws.
- To use folding technology, the roof slope must be more than 14 degrees. With a smaller slope, a solid base must be provided and double folds are used, sealed with silicone sealant.
- The folded roof is laid either on a continuous crate or on a sparse one with a step of usually 25 cm from bars with a section of 50 * 50 mm.
- Sheets (pictures) are best used up to 10 m in length. For longer lengths, floating clamps should be used.
Metal roofing device
Roofing from a metal tile is a widely used coating with properties such as low weight, ease of installation, long service life, attractive appearance.
A rigid roof made of metal tiles is arranged according to the following rules:
- The crate for laying metal tiles is made of beams with a section of 50 * 50 mm, located vertically on the rafters, and boards 30 * 100 mm, attached vertically to the beams. Depending on the type of tile, the pitch of the crate can be 350 or 400 mm.
- During laying, the first sheet of metal tile is aligned along the end of the roof, providing for an offset of 40 mm relative to the eaves, and fastened at the ridge with one self-tapping screw.
- Installation of tiles is carried out from right to left by laying subsequent sheets with an overlap on the previous ones and connecting them with self-tapping screws along the crest of the wave without fastening to the crate. Each sheet must be separately attached to the crate with 6-8 self-tapping screws.
- With further laying of tiled rows, they are mounted in a checkerboard pattern relative to the previous row.
Advice! Repair of a hard roof from a metal tile, as a rule, comes down to replacement of the separate, failed sheets.
The device of a rigid roof from a natural ceramic tile
Such material has been used as a roof covering for many centuries. Covering the roof with tiles of this type will look rich and stylish.
Rigid roofing made of ceramic tiles is installed according to the following rules:
- The slope of the roof for laying material can be 10-90 degrees. For slopes of 10-22 degrees, an additional layer of waterproofing is required.
- When constructing a roof with a slope of less than 16 degrees, continuous battens should be used.With a slope of more than 50 degrees, the tiles are additionally fixed with screws.
- Since the weight of ceramic tiles is 5 times higher than that of bituminous tiles and 10 times that of metal tiles, the rafter system must be additionally reinforced. In addition to the weight load of the roofing material itself, when calculating the truss structure, an additional wind and snow load should be provided.
Advice! It is possible to strengthen the truss structure not only by increasing the cross section of the rafters, but also by reducing the frequency of their location.
- The installation technology of the truss structure depends on the shape of the material used. The frequency of installation of rafters on the right and left gables can be different. For types of tiles of different shapes, the pitch of the rafters will almost always be different.
- When using counter-lattices, slats should be placed before stuffing the battens. Such slats will make the roof slope much smoother.
- Ceramic tiles are mounted from left to right and from bottom to top. The material is laid out in advance in piles on all slopes to ensure a uniform load on the rafters.
- The lower row of tiles, located on the overhang of the eaves, the last one under the ridge, and the gable tiles are fixed to the rafters with galvanized steel screws.
- Between themselves, the tiles are fastened by means of a special hole-lock, available on each tile.
- The fastening of tiles to the crate is flexible, while each tile has a backlash, which allows the roofing to withstand the loads associated with shrinkage of the building, exposure to temperature changes, wind pressure, and others, without deformation.
If any element of a tiled hard roof has been mechanically damaged, in this case it is better not to repair, limiting itself to replacing an individual element.
Slate hard roofing
Slate is a slate of natural origin from multi-layered rock, which, when used, is stratified into separate plates.
Main advantage roof material - its environmental friendliness, since even at very high temperatures the material does not emit any toxic fumes.
The slate hard roof is mounted as follows:
- roof lathing usually mounted from a wooden beam with a section of 40 * 60 mm, which is strengthened on the rafters with nails 90-100 mm long.
- The step between the bars is chosen depending on the length of the tiles and is usually arranged less than half the length of the tiles.
- In areas with a predominance of strong winds, the crate is provided in the form of a continuous plank formwork with a board thickness of 25 mm. In this case, the formwork needs to be covered with glassine or a vapor-tight damp-proof membrane.
- When laying on the crate, each tile is nailed with 2-3 nails. The number of nails depends on the dimensions of the tile, the type of laying and the angle of the roof slope.
- Slate tiles are laid starting from the gutter. First, larger elements are mounted, and as they approach the roofing ridge, the width of the tiles becomes smaller.
- The tiles are laid with an overlap of 60-90 mm. Moreover, with a decrease in the slope of the roof and approaching the roof overhang, the overlap must be increased.
Perhaps the main indicator that a hard roof is in great demand and effective is the fact that this type of roof is installed on more than 90% of houses.
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