The world of roofing is many-sided and diverse. Shining with novelty, elegant and strict types of roofs determine not only the appearance of building structures, but cities. Each time dictates its own fashion for covering material for the roof. Only quality requirements remain unchanged. This article presents the classification of roofing materials and their properties, which are so important in the priority issue of quality.
Roofing classification
Conditional classification of roofing materials is carried out according to the following criteria:
- Appearance and form - sheet (roofing steel, tiles, asbestos-cement sheets), piece, roll materials.
- The initial raw materials are mineral, organic (roofing material, roofing felt) materials.
- Type of binder - polymer, bitumen-polymer, bituminous components.
- Type of coating - materials with a metallized film or polymer coating.
- Type of protective layer of such a design as soft top. - pulverized, scaly, fine and coarse-grained dressing;
- The presence of a base - based on cardboard, foil, steel, fiberglass, fiberglass.
Primary requirements
For all roofing materials, the basic requirements are put forward, which are contained in various regulatory documents - technical conditions, state standards. These documents regulate the quality of products.
They are developed not only for finished roofing material, but also for raw materials, hardware devices, technical equipment, which is applicable in the manufacture of roofing products.
It is forbidden to use materials that do not meet the standards in construction.
The roof is regularly exposed to fluctuations in solar radiation, temperature, freezing, thawing, drying, moistening. Dust-like particles and gases from industrial zones act destructively on roof coverings.
Therefore, the roofing material must provide strength, be heat-resistant, waterproof, weather-resistant, durable.
Basic properties
Attention. For the rational use of roofing, it is necessary to know the properties of materials, the rules for transportation and storage, and the conditions for working with them.
The main properties include:
- mechanical;
- physical;
- chemical;
- technological.
The ability of roofing materials to undergo mechanical processing is determined by technological properties. Definitions such as strength, porosity and density are important for almost all types of coating.
Such a property as frost resistance characterizes some of the materials, depending on the conditions of their use. If the roof will be subjected to repeated freezing and thawing, then this property is decisive.
When using mastic and bituminous coatings, the heat resistance of the material is important.
Advice. If there is a possibility that the roof will be exposed to high temperatures, then it is necessary to pay attention when choosing or purchasing a material to such a property as fire resistance.
The testing of property indicators takes place in laboratory conditions, in accordance with the procedure established by regulatory documents.
Asbestos-cement materials
Perfectly suited for the roof of the house material - asbestos-cement sheet. It has the following classification:
- in shape - profiled or flat sheets;
- in height - a sheet of high, medium and low profile;
- by size - large and small-sized sheets;
- by type of finish - material of natural color or textured;
- according to the manufacturing method - non-pressed and pressed profile;
- by appointment - structural, wall and roofing material.
Shaped parts for covering the house from this material are intended: for arranging the transitional part from the slope to the ledge - transitional; for end coverings - angular; for arranging seams - tray; for a device on skating roofs - ridge; for arranging cornices - combs.
Asbestos-cement sheets intended for roofing are stored on pallets with wooden spacers between the sheets. This material provides water resistance, frost resistance, density and strength.
Roll materials
As a rule, the manufacture of rolled materials is carried out on the basis of fiberglass or cardboard, followed by bituminous impregnation and the application of a protective coating. Roof materials of this type are called rolled because they are produced in the form of a roll.
When gluing several layers of this material (roofing material, glass roofing material, euroroofing material) onto the roof, a waterproof coating is created.
Soft tile roofing possible on roofs with a small angle of slope, in residential or industrial construction, for the installation of a flat roof with an internal drainage system.
Bitumens and mastics for roofing
Bituminous materials for the roof of a house, depending on the brand, are intended for impregnation and for roofing. They provide water resistance and frost resistance. They have a high density, since the porosity of these materials is equal to zero.
Bitumens are resistant to aggressive gases, salts, alkalis, acids. Such properties cause the widespread use of bitumen for waterproofing and roofing.
As a rule, bituminous compounds are used for the manufacture of roofing mastics.Mixing bituminous binders, mineral fillers and special additives allows you to get mastic for the roof - high-quality material for covering a new or repairing an old roof.
For the arrangement of the roof, one- and two-component mastics are used, which have the properties of turning from a liquid state into a solid state. There are also different ways to use mastics:
- hot (the composition is heated before use);
- cold (no need for heating, hardening occurs due to volatilization from the composition of the solvent components).
What is the name of the roof, equipped with the use of such materials? Accordingly, bituminous or mastic roofing. These roofing materials are waterproof and bioresistant.
The stability of their physical and mechanical properties determines the widespread use of such a coating in the arrangement of the roof.
Thermal insulation materials
A large number of things have to be done by the owner of the house in order to securely cover the roof. To reduce heat loss in the house when covering the roof, heat-insulating materials are used.
They are classified like this:
- By structure - fibrous, granular, cellular;
- In form - piece, roll, loose;
- By type of raw materials - inorganic, organic;
- By density - dense, medium density, low and very low;
- By stiffness - hard, semi-rigid, soft;
- By thermal conductivity - low, medium, high;
- According to fire resistance - fireproof, combustible and slow-burning.
Heat-insulating roofing materials belong to the category of heaters used under the main roofing.
Transparent materials
Modern, transparent roofing material is widely used in construction.This material is based on transparent polycarbonate sheets, which have high strength and high light transmission rates.
The technology of manufacturing transparent materials for roofing makes it possible to maintain the strength of the coating while reducing its weight, which can significantly save on the construction of the supporting structure of the roof.
Transparent roofs are used in greenhouses, swimming pools, on the roofs of residential buildings. They are the key to reliability and relevance of design.
Attention. Do not think that significant financial structures are needed to equip such a roof. The price indicator of such a roof is available to all consumers with an average income. It is about 8-15 dollars. per sq.m.
metal materials
Roofing material made of galvanized steel with a polymer coating - metal tiles, is most in demand in the construction market for arranging roofs with a slope angle of more than 14 degrees. Metal roofing is lightweight, durable and decorative.
Using this material to cover the roof, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a ventilated gap in the roof or the installation of a vapor barrier layer.
This coating is distinguished by ease of transportation, ease, speed of installation, affordability, resistance to mechanical stress.
From the same steel sheet as the metal tile, a corrugated roofing sheet is rolled, which differs:
- strength;
- economy;
- practicality.
The profile on the roofing gives it rigidity and simplifies the laying of the material with an overlap. It is more expedient to install corrugated board on a wooden crate along a layer of roofing material.
As a metal roofing material, copper sheets can be used, which give the structure an architectural expressiveness, determine the durability of the roof for over a century.
Basically, copper for roofing is produced in roll form with a sheet thickness of 0.8 mm and a width of 670 mm. Copper roofs are used in exceptional cases.
Galvanized iron is also widely used for roofing - this is the simplest option for roofing, which does not require large financial and time costs.
This material provides:
- strength and durability with proper care;
- does not spread or support fire;
- It is lightweight and decorative.
natural materials
Roofing materials such as reeds, shingles, natural tiles are bright representatives of roofing materials that nature has given.
The use of such materials in modern times is more an exception than a widespread one.
Environmentally friendly materials are used in the design of exclusive coatings. Such materials look effective both on residential and commercial type houses (hotels, inns, restaurants).
The natural roof is designed to attract the attention of others, it is able to give the structure a special shape.
In this article, we have described many types of roofing materials. So, when choosing one of them, be guided by such factors:
- the purpose of the building;
- the desired durability of the roofing and building;
- roof configuration;
- utilitarian and aesthetic considerations.
If the selected material meets all the factors you have declared and is acceptable in terms of the complexity of laying, you can safely proceed to roofing work.
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