One has only to take a closer look at the roofs of houses in suburban villages, as you begin to marvel at the boundless imagination of their owners: the variety of shapes, designs and colors of roofs make cottage villages a kind of museum of architectural and design masterpieces. One of these masterpieces can rightfully be called a gable roof, which can be built not only over the house itself, but also decorate, for example, a winter garden with it.
The truss system of this type is gaining popularity among those who like to add zest to their country home.
Three-pitched roof scheme
The roof, consisting of three slopes, is formed by connecting one triangular and two trapezoidal end slopes.
In fact, a roof of this type consists of 2 main parts: a gable roof, completely covering the area of the house along its length, and the 1st hip, covering the area of \u200b\u200bthe house along the width on one of its sides.
At the same time, the competent choice of the ratio of the parameters of the hip and gable parts is considered the defining moment, because this is what determines the future appearance of the entire structure.
Structural elements of a gable roof:
- triangular slope or hip;
- lateral trapezoidal slope;
- skate;
- rib is slanted.
The principle of the device of the rafter system of a gable roof
Rafters are divided into two types:
- sloping;
- diagonal.
The former are directed to the inner corners of the walls, and the latter to the outer ones. These types of rafters are commonly installed on valley and hip roofs.
The diagonal rafters (legs) are longer than the rafters, for this reason, if there is not enough length of the board for their manufacture, the boards can pair, thereby increasing the length of the rafters.
A feature of the rafter system of a gable roof is the joining of three rafters on one side of the roof at the point where the ridge begins or ends. In other words, the central rafter adjoins the ridge from the triangular slope, as well as from the main slopes.
Here it is necessary to observe the moment at which the nodes of the ridge beam with the central slats of the slopes were in a perpendicular arrangement.
Calculation of the main parameters of a gable roof:
- To calculate the central location of the ridge of the hip slope, you should measure the length of the ridge, then measure the length of the walls in a parallel arrangement with which it will be, then calculate the difference in length. The difference then needs to be divided by 2 and measure the final result from the edge of both parallel walls. Next, they check for compliance with the length of the ridge to the average length between the walls.
- A similar procedure is carried out with one of the transverse walls, on which the side rafter triangle will be attached. However, this time you should measure not the width of the beam, but the line in its center of the section. Then measure the length of the side wall and divide by 2, after which a mark is made in the center of the wall.
- With a sufficient length of boards for a gable roof, it is possible to put bars of the required length (identical to the height of the roof) on it at the end points of the upper ridge, and then take measurements from them with a margin, for example, half a meter at the corners of the walls.
- The step for the rafters of the side triangular trusses is easily calculated if, when marking the next point on the pitched ridge, measure the distance from the point to the mounted rafter, and then transfer it to the Mauerlat board. As a result, the same distance will be provided both from below and from above, which will mean strictly vertical arrangement of the rafters.
When building the roof of a non-residential structure, minor errors are permissible. Here, the decisive factor is the reliable fastening of the roof in all nodes, especially the corner slopes.
Advice! A measuring stick instead of a tape measure will allow you to minimize errors when marking.
Selection of material for rafters
For the construction of truss systems, say, such a design as a gable standard roof, as a rule, boards with a section of 25 by 150 mm are used, which is the ideal size constantly used in the construction of roofs.
Boards of this type can be subsequently cut into slats, which are then used to build the crate under the roof.
Advice! For the convenience of trimming the rafters, it is necessary to make a template from a sheet of plywood, with an existing factory-made right angle.
It is necessary to choose, first of all, the material for the rafters of high quality. The best option here is pine or larch. The material should be purchased dry and treated with a wood preservative, as it will bear the entire load of roofing materials.
Beam for skate hip roof cut out of the same material as the rafters.
Instructions for the construction of a gable roof
- After installation along the perimeter of the Mauerlat walls, the central straight section of the roof is marked, within which the hip rafters will be mounted. It must be remembered that the selection of a rectangular beam is based on the magnitude of the load of the roofing and intermediate runs on the truss system.
- Upon completion of the installation of the gable section, they proceed to the construction of the supporting structure, formed with the help of a ridge beam and rafters. The connection of the central rafter with the ridge beam should be indented from the distance marked from the end of the house.
- At the attachment points of the rafters and the Mauerlat, the presence of horizontal cuttings is necessarily provided, which are intended for docking. With their help, the load is transferred to the walls and additional reliability of the connection is provided. The pitch of the rafters is calculated based on the height of the roof and the presence of windows in it, the type of batten and insulation. Moreover, this distance should not be less than 60 cm.
- The marking of the central rafter begins with determining the center of the end wall. At the end of this, the sawn rafter blank is installed on the upper trim. The rafter is leaned against the ridge beam and a vertical cut is outlined. Next, the ridge beam is sawn off and the central rafter is docked to its end. At the end of the docking, the central rafter of the side hip is installed from the center of the Mauerlat located on the sides to the ridge beam. By installing additional corner rafters, they form the final outline of the roof. We must not forget that the runs of the corner rafters will be longer than the runs of ordinary rafters. When connecting elements, overlap joints are unacceptable, since only a point-to-point joint can ensure the correct transfer of the load.
Summarizing
The truss systems of hipped gable roofs are one of the most reliable modern structures that are in demand among the owners of country houses, as well as farms. Three-pitched roofs are reliable, durable and aesthetic.
And although this form of roofing has been known for a long time, it is today that its popularity and demand is gaining unprecedented momentum. And even ordinary metal tile roof will look fantastic!
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