Being engaged in the construction of your own house, the question arises about the construction of the roof. A do-it-yourself shed roof has a number of advantages, for example, such a roof requires minimal effort to install it, and not a lot of materials are required.
Such a roof is considered the simplest of all existing ones, which are used for the construction of residential buildings, outbuildings and even sheds.
In addition, shed roofs have a relatively small area for wind attack, since most often the angle of inclination of the roof does not exceed 25 degrees.
As for the shortcomings, they are few.Firstly, this is the inability to organize an attic space, well, and secondly, this is not an aesthetic appearance, which, however, excites only aesthetes.
And if you know how to cover the roof with corrugated boardthen the aesthetics will be guaranteed.
In the event that you have a ready-made project for the construction of such a roof, then a shed roof with your own hands is perfect for your home.
It goes without saying that wood, which is the most common material for building houses, is required for construction, otherwise how to build a pitched roof?
Wood is mainly used for rafters, beams, battens, and in some cases for ceilings. But in order to cover such a roof, it is better to take slate, tile, metal tile or ondulin.
It is worth noting that a shed roof made of slate will cost the cheapest, so using its example we will consider how to make a shed roof.
How to build a pitched roof
It is worth noting that roofs made of this material have always been distinguished by practicality and a lot of advantages, including frost resistance and moisture resistance, and these roofs are not threatened by excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and their strength is relatively high.
Let's take a step-by-step look at how to build a pitched roof.
The first stage: we lay the beams
Your attention! Beams should be laid in increments of 70 to 80 cm at the top of the wall.This should be done either on a seismic belt, which is poured in advance, or on a Mauerlat, which is installed on the upper masonry row of the wall in the absence of a seismic belt.
It should also be noted that the shed roof frame must be designed so that its lower part is located on the leeward side.
Then rafters are attached to the beams, which serve as a support for the highest part. do-it-yourself shed roofs from corrugated board. It should be noted that there should be as many supports as there are beams, that is, there should be one beam for each support.
After that, we have a right triangle, which is formed by beams and a vertical rafter leg.
Now you need to fix the rafter leg, which will serve as a support for the crate, while one edge must be laid in the lower part of the roof on the edge of the beam, and the other on the vertical rafter.
The whole process must be repeated for all beams, although special attention should be paid to ensure that the angle formed and the height of the entire structure are the same. After that, you can proceed to the crate.
Second stage: crate
Tip! In order to fix the crate, you can take bars with a cross section of 50 by 50 mm. The bars need to be nailed to the rafters, having previously laid them across. Remember that the distance between them must be taken so that the slate sheet can overlap two slats in a row, and at the same time there is a margin of about 15 cm on both sides.
After that, the shed roof is considered almost finished.
The third stage: laying slate
Your attention! Do not forget that the slate should be laid in rows, starting from the bottom. Therefore, first lay the first row from the bottom, then the next row, placing it slightly higher than the previous one, and so on until the roof ends.
If something is not clear, then you can always see how to make a shed roof - it will not be difficult to find a video. Now you need to fix the slate with slate nails.
This is done simply: the slate is nailed to the crate in those places where four slates located in the neighborhood are joined. Thus, it turns out that one nail holds four sheets of slate at once.
Along the edges, two nails should be nailed into each sheet, this is necessary so that the wind cannot lift the slate.
After the slate is fixed, you can begin to mount the wind gable. You can clog it with brickwork or wood.
In principle, this can be considered laying slate on a single slope.
We insulate the roof
An equally important issue is the insulation of a pitched roof.
More recently, for such roofs it was used:
- cement chip slag;
- Clay concrete.
It is worth noting that these heaters did not differ in high thermal insulation and could not withstand the effects of melt and rain water, in addition, they also poorly protected heat.
Currently, new methods are being used that are focused on the use of high-quality new generation materials.
The most popular for a shed roof is URSA.
This material consists of:
- warming plates;
- Flat fiberglass blocks or glass wool;
- Basalt insulating mats.
Advantages of URSA:
- Low cost;
- Efficiency;
- Ease of use.
The only thing that is needed is strict adherence to the sequence in which thermal insulation must be laid.
The first layer is the most important, and it is laid under the thermal insulation layer, which consists of:
- vapor barrier material;
- Waterproofing.
The primary task is to maintain dryness and ventilation of the insulation. When moisture and condensate penetrate inside the mat or slab, it decomposes and nullifies all efforts to install thermal insulation.
However, there are such URSA products, which are covered with a layer of metal foil, which performs protective functions and prevents the penetration of moisture.
In the event that the coating does not have such a protective layer, then the vapor barrier must be laid separately.
If the interior space located under the slope of the roof is being finished, then it is necessary to make thermal insulation for materials, especially if stretch ceilings or drywall are used, at the same time, it is advisable to lay wooden planks on the floor from the attic side.
Be sure to make effective ventilation between the thermal insulation layer and the ceiling. In the event that a wooden flooring is laid on the floor, the room will be dry and can be used as a storage room.
If there is a desire to make a dwelling under the roof, then it is better to use penoizol.
In order to prevent the penetration of moisture into the interior, it is necessary to put a vapor barrier material on the outside of the roof, and make a vapor barrier from the inside.
In the event that the do-it-yourself single-pitched roof is made with an angle of less than 30 degrees, then a couple of additional ventilation holes should be made.
The same is needed for slopes, in which many windows will be located.
High levels of protection are observed in:
- Perlite;
- mineral wool;
- Styrofoam.
How dense the insulation will be is directly related to the angle of the roof.
By the way, the do-it-yourself roof is shed - a video of the construction process of which can be found, provides descriptions of the insulation process using various materials.
For horizontal floors, a material with a minimum density is required. Between the residential part, which is heated, and the attic floor, a layer of vapor barrier, waterproofing and ventilation is needed.
It is possible to insulate a shed roof in another way. For example, you can not make a gap between the vapor barrier and heat-insulating materials, but lay the insulation material directly along the horizontal ceiling beams.
Or, on the contrary, you can make a gap of 2 to 5 cm between the insulating materials. In this case, an independent exhalation of moisture outside the roof will occur.
Fiberglass is good for thermal insulation.
The service life of this material is over fifty years and it is able to protect the roof surface from the penetration of cold air. With the right selection of materials, the attic will never have an unpleasant smell characteristic of rotting materials, as well as fungus and mold.
However, it should be borne in mind that the construction of roofs is a very serious matter, so you need to clearly understand how to make a shed roof correctly.
First you need to correctly calculate the shed roof and determine the size of the building that this roof will cover. This must be taken very seriously, since making large allowances is unacceptable.
The second parameter that needs to be carefully calculated is what slope the roof should have.
This indicator is greatly influenced by atmospheric loads, which include:
- the strength of the wind;
- The amount of precipitation in the form of snow or rain;
- The amount of material from which the roof is made.
Tip! The angle of inclination should vary between 50 and 60 degrees. True, it should be noted that the larger the angle, the better. But even so, the type of material from which the roof is made should be taken into account.
For example, when using corrugated board, the optimal angle would be 20 degrees. Also note that the slope must be at least 8 degrees.
As noted earlier, in order to correctly perform the operation - a pitched roof with your own hands - a video on its device can be found on the Internet, you need to take into account the weight of the roofing material.
Based on this, all calculations must be carried out, since with an increase in the weight of the roof, the number of rafters must also be increased.
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