The construction of wooden houses is on the rise today, because people have known about the benefits of living in log cabins since ancient times. If the construction is carried out on their own, then the question will definitely arise how to cut down the roof. After all, this element is one of the most important in the design of the house.
Of course, if there are financial opportunities, then it is better to entrust the construction of the roof to professionals in construction. But if you need to save money, then you can try to do everything without outside help.
The design of the roof can be different, its choice depends on the design of the house. But if we are talking about building on our own, then you should choose the simplest options - a shed or gable roof.
Taking on the construction of a hip or cruciform roof without experience is not worth it.
Roof construction elements
Before you start figuring out how to make a roof on a log house, you should spend a little time studying the theory and getting acquainted with the main elements that make up the roof.
Regardless of the design chosen, any roof incorporates two main elements:
- rafter system;
- Roofing multilayer "pie".
The basis of the roof and its supporting structure is the truss system. It must support the weight of the roof and the load exerted on the roof. Therefore, professionals should calculate and design this design.
The rafter system consists of:
- Mauerlat:
- Actually rafters;
- Podkosov;
- Lathing.
When building a roof in a log house, where the role of the supporting structure is assigned to the middle wall, the rafters are installed so that one end is supported on the outer wall, and the other is on a rack or girder installed on the middle wall.
In this case, the fastening of the roof to the walls is carried out with the help of staples and nails.
Advice! If stove heating is planned in the house, then in the rafter system and the crate it will be necessary to provide fire openings for the pipe to exit.
The second element of the roof - roofing cake includes the following elements:
- Vapor barrier;
- Thermal insulation;
- Waterproofing;
- Counter grille;
- Roofing material.
In addition, do not forget about such important details as a roof storm drain, protective elements for the ridge and cornices.
What is the roof made of? Selection of roofing material
What material for the roof to choose? After all, today the offer on the market is huge, you can choose an expensive and durable material, or you can stop at what is cheaper, but also requires replacement more often.
In addition, even at the stage of drafting the project, you need to know what kind of coating will be used - light or heavy.
For example, a classic roofing material is ceramic tiles. It is an environmentally friendly, mechanical and temperature resistant material.
But the roof of such tiles has an impressive weight, so the installation of a reinforced truss system is required.
Almost the same properties are possessed by polymer-sand and cement-sand tiles, but it costs less, and its weight is somewhat less.
For light roofs, it is preferable to choose a metal tile, besides, this material is quite easy to work with, so for inexperienced craftsmen it is best suited. Also, soft tiles or various types of metal roofing can be recommended for use.
Different types of metal are used to cover roofs, but galvanized iron is the undisputed leader. A copper roof also has many advantages. This type of roofing material is distinguished by enviable durability and decorates the house very much.
However, the choice of such a roofing material will require an investment, since copper sheets are not cheap, and the installation of a copper roof is a rather complicated and painstaking process.
One of the most durable types of metal roofs is a seam roof. This is the name of a structure made of rolls (or sheets) of metal, which are fastened together in a special way.
This version of the roofing device is rarely used by home craftsmen, as it requires a special tool for creating connections - folds.
Installation of a roofing pie
The installation technology and composition of the roofing cake depends on whether the attic in the house will be used. In any case, the roof pie is a structure consisting of several layers, each of which performs its own function.
The number and composition of the layers depend on the type of roof chosen. But in order for it to function normally, it is important to correctly select the order of the layers and leave gaps for ventilation of the system.
The first step in the installation of the roof pie is the installation of the crate - bars that are stuffed onto the rafters. A waterproofing is installed on top of it - a material that will prevent moisture from penetrating inside.
The next stage is the installation of the crate under the roofing material, it is assembled from bars laid across the rafters. An external roof is mounted on top of it.
The last step is roof insulation. It is carried out from the inside of the attic, installing a heater on the inner crate. To protect the insulation from moisture penetrating from inside the house, a vapor barrier is used.
How to make a roof on a log house using metal tiles?
The first stage of work is the installation of slopes of such a design as multi-gable custom roof. Installation of elements can only be started after careful measurements. The ends of the slope beams must be located strictly perpendicular, both relative to the ridge of the roof, and also relative to the line of the eaves.
The second stage of work, when the tiled roof is mounted, is the installation of the crate. For this roofing material, a lattice crate is allowed, and the distance between its individual elements is determined depending on the selected type of metal tile.
The distance between the individual elements of the crate should not exceed the size of the transverse rib of the metal tile.
Tips from roofers on laying metal tiles
- Getting started, it is worth baiting 3 or 4 sheets of material on the roof ridge, then carefully align it and, only then, proceed to fixing;
- It is necessary to fasten the installed sheets sequentially, that is, first the first, then the second, and so on;
- Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws in places where the material overlaps at the top of the wave;
- The grooves located at the edges of the sheets must be covered with adjacent sheets;
- The length of the overlap should be 250 mm.
- After fixing the sheets of metal tiles, a closing element with a seal is installed on the roof ridge, protecting the upper parts of the sheets.
The last stage of the work of such a structure as metal tile roof- this is the installation of protective elements on the cornices, which protect the roof and walls from flowing water.
As you can see from the description, the tile roof is mounted quite simply. No special tools are required for construction. This technology of laying roofing material can also be used when performing roof repairs on old houses.
Roof repair and alteration
Owners of old houses often face the problem of how to redo the roof? Someone dreams of building an attic floor, and if the previous type of roof does not allow this, you have to completely disassemble the structure and build it again.
Sometimes it becomes necessary to lower the roof. It happens that this work is caused by a court order.
For example, if the developer deviated from the approved project and built a house with an excessively high roof. In this case, there can be only one advice - to disassemble the entire structure and mount it again in accordance with the project.
If the base of the roof is at the same time the ceiling in the room and understatement is necessary to reduce the cubic capacity of the room, then you can use the technology for installing suspended ceilings and “lower” the ceiling surface by the required amount.
But much more often, roof repairs become necessary because the roof begins to leak water. So the question arises, how to patch the roof?
The answer to it depends on what roofing material was used in the construction. As a rule, the same materials are used for repairs that were used to cover the roof, although there may be exceptions.
To repair the roof of slate, the following composition is used:
- Fluffed asbestos (if it was not possible to purchase this ingredient, you can grind sheet asbestos into powder) - 3 parts;
- Cement (grade 300) - 2 parts;
- PVA glue half diluted with water. This ingredient is used in such an amount that the resulting mixture resembles sour cream in thickness.
slate roof cleaned of debris, washed and, after drying, primed with PVA glue, which must be diluted with water in a ratio of one to three.Then the prepared mixture is applied to the damaged areas (cracks, crevices).
To seal holes in a metal roof, tow is used, impregnated with heated bitumen. Roof pitch is applied on top of the repaired area.
Larger damage is repaired by applying patches of roofing material or simply completely changing the damaged sheet. The soft roof is repaired in the same way.
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