Roof finishing is the final stage of its construction and consists in laying the roofing. As for pitched roofs, two types of materials are usually used for their roofing: piece - clay and cement-sand tiles, eternite tiles, etc.; and sheet - metal tiles, asbestos-cement slate sheets, galvanized steel, corrugated sheets, ondulin and others. Consider what are the advantages of each type of roof finish, and how it can be done.
Such tiles are distinguished by fire resistance, durability (service life is from 50 to 100 years), strength. However, it does not require additional care.
Tiles are made, as a rule, from various types of local raw materials. There are, for example, standard soft tile roofing.
The disadvantages of a tile roof include its relatively large weight, the need to make rather steep slopes (with a slope of 60-75 degrees), which significantly increases the cost of both the coating itself and the cost of the truss system and lathing.
Roofing with tiles is carried out according to the following rules:
- Laying starts from the lower corner of the slope, up from the eaves in the direction of the ridge with an overlap in width and length to the width of the grooves.
- Tiled joints are placed along the slope on the beams of the crate.
- Grooved tiles are attached to the crate with wire, and flat tiles - with nails or clamps.
Advice! To organize an external drain on such a roof, metal hanging gutters are arranged that direct water to the funnels of the pipes of the drainage system.
Cement-sand tiles are made by stamping from a cement-sand mixture. In order to obtain different types of tiles, mineral pigments are added to the mixture. Such tiles are not fired, but are obtained as a result of cement hardening.
If the manufacturing technology is strictly observed during production, a roofing material of this type may have sufficiently high physical and mechanical properties comparable to ceramic tiles.
Finishing with tiles and slate sheets made of asbestos cement
Asbestos cement tiles are made from a mixture of Portland cement (about 85% of the composition) and asbestos (15% of the composition).They are flat sheets in the shape of a square, mostly 40 * 40 cm in size, gray in color.
The roof is assembled from tiles using nails.
Sheets of asbestos-cement slate are obtained from a similar mixture. This type of roof is fire resistant, durable and cheap to maintain. How a slate roof is made:
- Under slate roof as a base, they arrange a crate of bars with a section of 50 * 50 mm for ordinary profile segments and 75 * 75 mm for reinforced profile slate sheets. The pitch of the crate is chosen respectively in 500-550 mm and 750-800 mm.
- Sheets are laid from the eaves to the ridge, while providing an overlap of the overlying row on the underlying row of 120-140 mm. If the slope is more than 30 degrees, the overlap can be reduced to 100 mm.
- Provide for the displacement of the joints in the longitudinal direction in each next row by one wave.
- Sheets on the roofs of country houses are attached with nails or screws with galvanized washers. Soft rubber sealing gaskets are installed under the washers to prevent roof leaks.
- Overhangs of cornices are made of roofing iron or asbestos-cement sheets.
Sheet steel roof installation
Roofing made of black or galvanized steel has the following advantages:
- The relatively low weight of the sheets, which allows the use of lightweight roof structures.
- Provides the ability to arrange coatings of complex shapes.
- They have a smooth surface that provides excellent water flow and the possibility of a slight slope (15-50 degrees).
- It's easy to repair.
The disadvantages of such a roof as shed sheet roof, includes a short service life (within 20-40 years), a tendency to damage during operation (for example, during snow removal, repairs, etc.), low strength, and the need for frequent painting to protect against corrosion.
To make the roof of a black steel house more durable, it is required to paint it with oil paint every 2-3 years, from galvanized steel - first after 5 years, then after 3-4 years.
Sheets of steel are laid on a crate of wooden beams with a section of 50 * 50 mm and a step of 250 mm. In places of joints horizontally, instead of beams, boards 100-120 mm wide and 25-30 mm thick are laid under the lying flanges.
Roofing sheets made of black steel are subjected to pre-treatment - factory grease is removed, rust is removed, two layers of drying oil are applied on both sides (it is better to add ocher or red lead to drying oil).
The most reliable type of connection of steel sheets on the roof of a house is considered to be a seam connection. They are connected across the slope using single recumbent folds.
On the long side, the connection is made using standing seams. Standing folds with a slight roof slope (15-30 degrees) are coated with red lead putty to avoid leakage of folds from snow.
Water from the roof is diverted with the help of external drainpipes.
It is worth paying attention to the most critical areas when roofing: junctions with ventilation and chimneys, vertical walls that protrude above the roof, intersections of pitched planes (ribs, valleys), pitched fractures.
Their device must be treated with special care.
Installation of corrugated roofing sheets
Sheets of corrugated board can be obtained from various materials, such as asbestos cement, aluminum, galvanized steel, plastic (polycarbonate, fiberglass, etc.).
The profile gives the material additional rigidity, and also facilitates their joining (overlapping). Installation of profiled sheets is carried out directly on the cobbled crate or a layer of glassine, roofing material using nails.
Advice! In addition, sheets of corrugated board can be laid on the old rolled roof.
Roofing with metal tiles
Such roofing material serves as a development of the idea of corrugated sheets in the direction of improving their aesthetic properties.
Before making the roof of a house from a metal tile, a large-sized aluminum or galvanized sheet is stamped on the roof section from tiles of different profiles, coated with an anti-corrosion solution on each side, and the front side is coated with paint to match the color of the tile.
Laying of sheets is carried out with the help of screws on the cobbled crate. The roof, trimmed with metal tiles, is extremely light and durable.
Ondulin installation
Ondulin is a flexible corrugated sheet molded from cellulose fibers and impregnated with bitumen. From the outside, the sheets are covered with a layer of paint of various colors, which simultaneously performs a protective and at the same time decorative function.
Outwardly, ondulin may resemble asbestos-cement slate sheets, but in comparison with them, the roof of ondulin houses is much lighter and practically devoid of the fragility that ordinary slate roofs have.
The dimensions of ondulin sheets are as follows: length is 2000 mm, width is 940 mm, thickness is 2.7 mm. The weight of an ondulin sheet is about 6 kg.
Strengthen the sheets to the crate with nails with plastic spacers.
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