Our article contains useful information on how to make a roof. Let's start with the most elementary. What is a roof?
The roof is the top structure of a building and is often referred to as the fifth façade. The shape of the roof often determines the style of the building. But the main functions of the roof are protection from atmospheric precipitation, heat preservation and protection against overheating.
The skeleton of the roof is a truss structure and a crate. The entire roof rests on this structure.
Roofs are flat and sloping.Flat structures are those whose roof slope is not more than 5 degrees relative to the horizon.
Consider such a type of flat roofs as a jellied roof. Such a seamless coating consists of a waterproofing and reinforcing layers.
The basis for such a roof are:
- cement-sand mortar screeds;
- concrete and reinforced concrete slabs;
- metal;
- tree;
- old roll coating;
- insulation boards;
- flat slate, etc.
Sealed roofing is used in the construction of residential and industrial buildings.
Membrane roofing is another type of flat roofing. Roof coverings with PVC membranes are used both for roof repairs and for its installation.
Such a roof can serve its owner up to 50 years. It is distinguished by its perfect waterproofing and reliability. The device of such roofs is justified on the flat roofs of large residential, public and industrial buildings.
We will describe to you three ways of laying a membrane roof:
- Ballast way.
- Mechanical fastening.
- Glue method.
pitched roofs are such structures, the angle of inclination which can reach up to 65 degrees.
Considering the question of how to make a roof according to domestic traditions, we would like to draw your attention to the fact that in Soviet times pitched roofs were primarily preferred. This is due to the fact that a pitched roof is easier to make durable and waterproof.
We advise you to remember that the durability of the roof depends on its design and materials. The more complex and the more folds the roof contains, the higher the likelihood of possible leaks during operation.
The configuration of the roofs depends on the number of storeys and the plan of the house.It is very important when designing the future house roofs pay attention to the proportions between the roof and walls. Note that complex structures will look aesthetically pleasing only on large houses.
The roofs of small houses are much better decorated with expensive roofing materials, rather than a complex structure.
We advise you to use various visual techniques to give an original look to a single-pitched roof.
An important characteristic that determines the practicality and aesthetics of the roof is the angle of the roof. It is designed for water runoff, as well as snow removal. The slope of such a roof can be up to 65 °.
How to make the roof correctly and at the same time choose the optimal angle of inclination?
To do this, we advise you to take into account such factors:
- climate factor.
The angle of the roof directly depends on the amount of precipitation. - The presence of an attic.
The angle of inclination of the roof slope of the house with an attic is 38-45 °. - Type of roofing material.
Slate and metal tiles are sufficiently waterproof with an angle of more than 25 °. Piece roofing materials (tiles) - up to 22 °. Roll materials - up to 25°.
Remember the fact that by increasing the slope of the slope, you increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, and therefore the consumption of the necessary materials.
The most economical roof is considered a flat roof.
Before starting construction, we advise you to make a professional measurement of the roof.
Only on its basis it is possible to make the most accurate calculation of all the necessary materials.
Consider the basic forms of roofs.
Shed roof - simple in construction and design. Such roofs are most popular for garages, sheds, houses and other structures.
Gable roof - the most common design. Along the long walls of the house there are inclined planes of a gable roof.
In modern construction, the massandra roof is very popular. Such roofs can have various geometric shapes. Have a triangular or broken silhouette, be symmetrical or asymmetrical, be located across the entire width of the building or only on one side of its longitudinal axis.
A sloping roof is a type of gable roof. Its difference lies in the slope of the lower parts of the ramp. Using this design, you can increase the attic. The lower part of the slope has an angle of inclination of up to 80 °, and the upper one - up to 25 ... 30 °.
Vaulted roofs can also be classified as gable roofs. The profile of the slopes of such roofs is an arc.
The hip roof consists of four slopes. The design of such a roof excludes the gable. The slopes can be located at different angles of inclination, and this provides a lot of opportunities for planning the attic.
A hipped roof is a type of hip construction. All four roof slopes are reduced to one point.
Another type of hip roof is a hip roof with bevels. This design forms trapezoidal pediments. They have windows that illuminate the attic.
The folded roof consists of two gable roofs penetrating each other. This roof has a rather complex structure.
Asymmetric roof - a type of roof that is used in the construction of residential buildings.
A house with an asymmetrical roof includes:
- rafters with consoles of steep and gentle slopes;
- coating slabs that are connected in the ridge;
- rafter racks that swing on a horizontal axis at an angle;
- racks of the walls of the attic rooms;
- horizontal puff beams with consoles that are connected to the rafters.
gutter
Now consider what is the groove of the roof.
Gutters are the inside corners of intersecting roof planes. It is formed by a rafter specially designed for this.
Roof Gutter Installation Instructions.
- Install the rafter from the building wall to the ridge or lintel in the roof frame. It is necessary to calculate the entire structure for strength, since a large load acts on the rafters of the groove.
- Support the ends of the roof rafters on the rafters of the groove, and the ridge, shortening them in place to the desired length (see Fig. 1).
If the height of the intersecting roof slopes is different, you can make “California” or “farm” grooves. It is not necessary to install separate gutter rafters. It is necessary to build a roof with typical rafters - Install boards 50 cm thick on the rafters.
- Place the skate on the boards.
- Support the ends of the adjoining roof rafters on the ridge (see Fig. 2).
Roof dismantling
In our article, we will also consider such a procedure as dismantling the roof.
Instructions for dismantling the slate roof from top to bottom.
- Start dismantling so that the side sheets do not cover the sheets to be dismantled. Removing the flooring from roofing felts, you get a kind of ladder that you can climb.
- First, remove all nails that hold the sheet to be removed, as well as those materials that grab the top and side sheets.
- Grasp the edge of the sheet (bottom) and loosen it. On a sloping roof, the slate sheet will move out under its own weight.
- To lower the slate sheet to the ground, we lay long boards from the ground itself to the edge of the roof at an angle of 40-60 degrees.
The advantages of this method are that sheets can be dismantled both vertically and horizontally, but from the bottom up.
Tip: only work with gloves, slate contains asbestos, which causes the formation of cancer cells.
Vatyazhka
An important role is played by the hood on the roof.
The first elements that may suffer from insufficient ventilation will be the wooden parts of the structure, roofing material, and insulation.
The most efficient and reliable attic and cold attic ventilation system is the installation of ventilation holes in the roof ridges under the roof overhang.
Technonicol coating
In our guide, we will tell you how to cover the roof with technonicol. Waterproofing materials, which are attached to the base of the roof by melting the lower bitumen layer with a gas burner, consist of five layers: a protective dressing, a reinforcing base between two layers of modified bitumen, and an anti-adhesion film for the roof.
For laying euroroofing material you will need:
- gas cylinder with propane-butane;
- a burner like the one installed in a blowtorch;
- 10 meters of connecting hose;
- knife;
- putty knife;
- hammer to knock out the joints.
Instructions for laying roofing felt:
- Lay the roll in order from top to bottom. It is necessary to roll out the roll across the direction of the slope.
- Heat up the material with a torch.
- Press the waterproofing onto the base with the weight of the roll. If the roll is over, gently press it down with your hands using gloves.
- Remember, it is necessary to display the roofing material on the walls by at least 15 cm.
- When laying roofing material, use respirators with absorbent filler, since roofing material emits a large amount of harmful substances directly during installation.
Tip: Lay each subsequent sheet with an overlap, overlapping the contact strip.
There is such a thing as roof replacement. In the process of long-term operation, the top layer of the roofing wears out and becomes unusable. Therefore, it is necessary to repair the roof in a timely manner.
We will also consider the topic - how to underestimate the roof.
In order to lower the roof, you will need:
- Drywall;
- Wallpaper;
- Wallpaper glue;
There are several ways to lower the roof. It all depends on what task you have set for yourself. If you want to reduce the height of the roof, you will have to disassemble and redo the entire roof structure. Instead of a hipped roof, you can make a flat gable roof.
Well, if the base of the roof is the ceiling in the living room, then you can build a suspended ceiling.
Finishing our article, let's turn your attention to the design of roofs. A variety of shapes and materials are complemented by color schemes. The customer will be pleased with such a design solution as a black roof.
When choosing the color of the future roof, be guided by the shape of the structure.A mansard or massive roof will clearly dominate the entire building if it is painted in the wrong color. Be sure to consider the entire interior of the house. It should fit perfectly into the environment where your house will be built, so as not to look ridiculous.
Therefore, choosing the color of the roof, think through everything to the smallest detail. It may take a month, or even a year, the result will not exceed all your expectations.
See how impressive blue roofed houses look. They are bright, attract enough attention, and, of course, decorate the city street. We think that such original color solutions were not made in a day or two.
An important aspect for creating the perfect roof is the decoration of the roof. Today it is very difficult to imagine the roof of a beautiful, solid house without any decorations.
Among the varieties can be called sculptures, artistically designed pipes, weather vanes, cornice strips, drain funnels and so on. In a word, there is always a place for decorations on the roof.
We hope that in our article you have found a lot of useful information on how to build good roofs yourself.
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