What you need to know before proceeding with the device of the roofing system? The very first thing is to choose the right system for the roof. The roofs of houses should be built from modern roofing materials that have high quality indicators.
How to properly make the roof of a house is of interest to many owners of private houses, as well as novice builders who want the built house to last for many years.
- Roof types
The roof of the house, which is intended for housing, must be pitched and may have an attic. If there is an attic in the roof structure, then you should take care of its additional insulation.
And those roofing structures that do not have an attic space are subject to mandatory insulation.
To your attention! Among pitched roofing systems, the most common is gable, as well as mansard roof structures and many pitched.
The roof for the house should be built by specialists, since only professionals can know how to properly and efficiently build such a structure. And for this it is necessary to carefully study and understand what the roof structure consists of.
- Roof system design
The erected roof must meet a number of requirements:
- be waterproof;
- withstand loads - wind and snow;
- do not accumulate condensate on the truss system inside the roof;
- have good resistance to mechanical stress, resistance to chemical attack, temperature extremes, precipitation, ultraviolet rays;
- maintain a normal level of temperature and humidity in the house;
- have good soundproofing properties;
- be economical in operation, easy to repair and well cleaned of dirt.
Each roofing system consists of three separate elements, which together form a single roof structure. The roofs of a wooden or brick house consist of such important parts:
- truss system, which is the supporting frame of the entire structure;
- an insulating layer, which is responsible for the life of the roofing system;
- roofing material that performs two main functions: it protects against negative environmental influences and gives the roof structure of the building an attractive appearance.
All these elements must be made very high quality, since the reliability of the finished structure depends on them. The supporting frame consists, in turn, of the truss system and the crate, which have their own subspecies and features.
- Roof frame
The supporting structure of the roofing system consists of a truss system and a batten.
The truss system of the roof house consists of separate trusses, which are interconnected using puffs, a batten system and a ridge board.
The truss truss consists of a lower puff and rafter legs, but sometimes these systems may have additional supports and racks, if this is provided for by the roof structure project.
For roof trusses I use the following materials: wood, reinforced concrete and metal.
The manufacture of the roof of a house in private construction consists mainly of such material as wood, which is considered the easiest for roofing, and it also has a low price.
Rafter trusses are made according to a pre-prepared template so that all elements are the same size. Farms are made on the ground, and then they are raised to the house.
- crate
The sheathing system consists of two main types, which have design features and are designed for a specific roofing material.
The thinned purlin system is used for rigid sheet material. This system is made of a wooden bar or edged board with a section of 150 mm.
Lathing elements are sewn to the rafter legs with a certain step, which is chosen individually, guided by the material for the roof, since some materials have a special type of fastening.
The roof of a country house with such a batten system is built very simply.
Tip! To do this, separate elements of the crate should be mounted on the rafter legs, with a step that does not exceed 40 cm.
The continuous type system is a more complex structure and consists of two continuous layers, the seams of which must intersect in each row.
Basically, the first layer is made from edged boards, and for the second layer, waterproof plywood is used, which is produced in sheets.
- Insulation
How to make the roof of the house correctly? To do this, special attention should be paid to the insulating layer, which is designed to preserve the roof structure.
The main problem of roof structures is the evaporation of heat and the appearance of condensate in the attic.
These two factors can significantly affect the supporting structure and make it unusable, and the entire building may suffer.
In order for the roof of your house to last as long as possible, you should properly lay a layer of insulation that will protect the attic from the effects of these factors.
To do this, they mainly use a special vapor-waterproofing film designed to release all the fumes from the attic and not let moisture in from under the roofing material. This film needs to be handled very carefully.
Advice! It is necessary to lay the insulation layer in one piece, gluing only the edges of the joints with a special glue that will not corrode the composition of this insulating material.Installation is carried out between the crate system and the rafter legs, and it is necessary to ensure that there are no sags of this material over the entire area.
The most important thing during installation is not to confuse the sides, as this can lead to complete futility of the insulation work. If the house is being built without an attic or with a residential attic, then the insulation is placed between the rafter legs so that it is covered with an insulating film on both sides.
Mineral wool or polystyrene is used as a heater for such a structure as a four-pitched hip roof.
- The basis of the truss system
When building a private house, knowledge of some features of construction work is required. The rafter system transfers the weight of the structure to the load-bearing walls, as well as significant loads from snow and wind.
In order for the loads to be distributed evenly, the truss system must be installed on a solid and reliable foundation - Mauerlat.
This material is a wooden beam, the length and width of which depend on the dimensions of the load-bearing wall. Thanks to this element of the roof, all loads will be distributed evenly and will save the surface of the walls from destruction.
The presence of this element in the roof structure will save the house, and the walls will serve for a long period of time.
This material is fastened with a tie wire, which secures the wooden beam to the last row of masonry.
- roofing material
Roofs for the house should be built only from high-quality roofing materials that will not only protect the house from atmospheric phenomena, but also make the building attractive.
This material includes metal tiles, which strongly resemble natural ones, although they do not have durability. This roofing material is considered the most common and practical.
But given all the positive aspects of such a roof, its installation causes some difficulties.
This material has a special colored layer and, if used carelessly, this layer is very easy to damage, which leads to corrosion and replacement of the entire roof. hip roof.
In addition, this material is attached only under its own wave, and this implies the organization of a separate type of crate. A common roofing material is ondulin, which is very similar to corrugated slate.
It is made from a rubber alloy with the addition of special additives to the composition, which give the material rigidity and the ability to resist some negative phenomena.
The house - the roof of which is covered with such material has a very attractive appearance. Working with ondulin is very simple, but it requires a solid type crate base.
This type of crate is necessary so that the material does not sag under the weight of snow. In addition, this material is light in weight.
- roof slope
The slope of the roofing system is important. It should be chosen in such a way as to find the optimal value at which the snow will roll off the roof itself, and the wind force will not have a destructive effect on the supporting frame.
Sometimes, when a strong slope is made, the snow itself leaves the roof structure, but with a hurricane wind there is a possibility of damage to the truss system.
To your attention! Before you make a roof yourself, you need to study the climatic conditions of the area.Based on these facts, you should choose the best option for tilting the roofing system, which will cope quite well with such "gifts" of nature.
houses with straight roofs
A straight roof is a strong and fairly simple design. It is very easy to build when there is a slight slope and there is no high attic wall.
In the case when they plan to make the attic space residential, the design becomes much more complicated. A shed roof allows you to save on heating, and in addition, much less materials will be required for its construction.
When building a house, the angle of inclination should not exceed 25 degrees. In addition, shed roofs are often reinforced with curbs made of natural stone.
When building a house - on the roof, the top is covered with galvanized iron, otherwise precipitation can get on the walls, soak into concrete and mold will appear, and slow destruction of the structure may also begin.
Houses with shed roofs are highly maintainable, since it is not at all difficult to restore such a structure. A small angle of the rafters will allow you to effectively mount the roofing in a short time.
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