The main condition for the construction of a garage is its simplicity and reliability. This entirely applies to the installation of the roof, the most convenient scheme is the shed roof of the garage. Here there is a rather simple scheme for erecting rafters, when the beams rest on the opposite walls of the garage "box". The inclination is provided by the difference in the height of the supports, the inclined angle has an acceptable value of 50-60 degrees.
Installation procedure
Installation of the roof begins with the correct installation of the rafters.This part of the structure will be constantly subjected to load, which means that the well-being of any structure will depend on the strength and reliability of the fastener.
The installation of the truss system is impossible without understanding the main task of this construction part of the roof and familiarization with all the details of its design.
Knowing the output data, and using the scheme of connecting all the elements, it is quite realistic to take on this responsible and laborious stage of construction on your own.
A self-built shed roof for a garage can serve as a good practice for mastering the intricacies of the construction profession.
rafter shed roof system made of corrugated board designed to serve as a "skeleton" for the future roofing material. The base must reflect the shocks of the elements, it must resist additional loads from the wind or all types of precipitation.
The rafter legs are considered the basis of the frame - these are beams or rafters, with their ends resting against the "box" of the task.
Features are as follows:
- are made from coniferous tree species;
- dry thoroughly (no more than 20% humidity);
- treated with an antiseptic agent:
- and fire-retardant impregnation.
The remaining elements of the system can be considered auxiliary and serving to ensure its operation:
- beam rafters are connected by jumpers, which provides additional rigidity;
- installation of a truss system for a three-dimensional roof will require the installation of additional props that will protect the long “legs” of the beam from deflection;
- for good fastening of the roofing material, a lathing of thin wooden bars is mounted perpendicular to the rafters.
Installation of rafters in do-it-yourself installation of a pitched roof quite simple, because for auxiliary structures the frame is not burdened with the complexity of design.
Practical recommendations
The owner of housing construction is always concerned about the question of how to make a shed roof of a garage without attracting special financial investments. Several factors may contribute to this issue.
- The strength of the structure depends on the distance between the bearing walls. If the distance between them does not exceed 4.5 meters, then you can do without additional supports by placing beams between two racks.
- When the distance is greater, then additional props are needed.
- When erecting the walls of the garage, it must be remembered that the future roof of the garage is shed. To do this, one side of the brick wall is made higher than the other.
- The calculation of the angle of inclination of a shed roof is made on the condition that it cannot be less than 25 degrees. It can be calculated by yourself, taking into account the distance between two opposite load-bearing walls and the difference in the height of one wall in relation to the other.
- If the selected angle of the garage roof is 25 degrees, then each meter between your walls that carry it adds +300 mm to the height. second wall. In other words, if the distance between opposite sides is 5 meters, then the “increase” of the opposite wall will be: 5 x 300 mm. = 1500mm., That is, one wall should be one and a half meters higher than the other.
Do I need a Mauerlat for a garage shed roof?
To make a shed roof in accordance with all the rules, you need a base or Mauerlat. Along the perimeter of already built walls, wooden or metal beams are fixed from above.
Mauerlat performs certain functions: load distribution evenly for the entire roof, when the load is transferred from the legs-rafters along the entire wall of the building; and, in addition, serves to fasten the roof to the garage.
Mauerlat is already done on a finished reinforced belt.
Advice. If the building is small, and the roof is not particularly heavy, then it is possible to strengthen the Mauerlat along two walls, without a reinforced belt.
Shed roof technology.
- A wooden beam 200x100 mm is taken, depending on the thickness of the walls, holes are drilled from above every 500 mm, under an anchor with a diameter of 24 mm and a bolt length of 300 mm.
- Holes are made in the wall for anchor bolts, taking into account that part of the bolt will be in the beam, and the other will go into the holes in the wall.
- Holes are drilled from each corner so that the beams are fixed at all corners.
- For good fastening, construction adhesive is preliminarily poured into the holes under the anchor.
- It remains only to fasten each beam at the top of the walls with prepared anchors.
The same procedure for performing work is carried out if the construction object is a do-it-yourself gazebo with a pitched roof.
After completing the installation of the Mauerlat, we do the following.
- Rafters are being prepared, which are placed on it, between two opposite load-bearing walls.
- Double teeth are cut out in the rafters, they will go into the holes cut on the beams.
- After that, each rafter is installed in turn, fastened with a metal clamp with a bolt, and it will tighten the rafter leg with the Mauerlat. Distance between two beams -300 mm.
Advice.It is worth taking care of preparing the required number of rafters (for a garage with a step of 60-70 cm) and treating them with an antiseptic.
Garage from wall to roof
Even experienced builders are recommended to start building a shed roof with their own hands with a video lesson, because technology does not stand still.
It is necessary to pay attention to the technique of installing rafters on beams framing the upper plane of all retaining walls of the garage under construction.
- Beams must match the thickness of the wall.
- Often, out of economy, small (60-70 cm) bars are used to support the rafters, and the voids between them are filled with the material from which the garage “box” is built.
- In any case, the Mauerlat is rigidly attached to the wall, using anchor fasteners.
- Before starting the installation of support beams - rafters, the working surface is leveled and waterproofed. To do this, use bituminous grease or ruberoid.
- During the installation of the mauerlat, a strict control of the horizontality of its surface is carried out.
- At the end of the installation of the "belt", they mark on the beams the places where the rafters enter, and then cut out the nests for their installation.
- Finished grooves are processed with protective equipment.
- The rafters are placed in the prepared nests so that the ends can protrude from the Mauerlat by 35-40 cm. They are attached to the beam with anchor bolts and brackets, twisting both "spare parts" for strength with copper wire.
- Supports are needed if the length of the beams is more than 4.5 m.
- The grate for mounting the roof is stuffed from thin bars perpendicular to the supporting structure on top of the hydraulic barrier.
Advice. The density of the "lattice" is determined by the severity of the roofing material.
Fire retardant treatment of the truss system
Due to the existing probability of fire, truss systems require mandatory treatment with fire retardants.
Modern formulations combine fire retardant and bioprotective functions. They are conditionally divided into impregnating compositions and fire-retardant coatings, or paints, pastes, varnishes and coatings or impregnations.
- Coatings can change the appearance of wood, so they are actively used in non-visible structures.
- Impregnations are widely used when it is necessary to preserve the decorative and individual properties of wood.
Only compositions of the 1st and 2nd groups of fire retardant effect according to NPB 251 / GOST 16363 / are considered fire retardant. Protection of critical structures is carried out using fire-retardant impregnations of the highest group.
At the same time, methods of tinting impregnations and means for visual control of the measures taken for fire protection (pinkish tint) are used. In practice, in private construction, they are limited to the use of protective equipment of the 2nd efficiency group.
Advice. For convenience, colorless impregnations are also tinted immediately before their use in order to distinguish the treated surface from the untreated one.
Any protective equipment must be certified and have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. Saving on fire safety measures for construction projects is not recommended by law.
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