The hip roof is superior in design complexity to an ordinary gable roof, because making four slopes located at equal angles and coordinating them with each other is not an easy task. And yet, with the necessary preparation, you can independently build a hip roof - if, of course, you approach this task with responsibility and arm yourself with the necessary knowledge.
In this article we will consider the main aspects of the construction of a hip roof.
Features of the hip roof
As mentioned above, a hip-type roof is a four-pitched roof, in which two long slopes are trapezoid-shaped, and two short slopes (hips) are in the form of inclined triangles.
The main difficulty in the design and construction of hip roofs is the truss system.
The truss roof of the hip type includes the following types of rafters:
- Skew (diagonal)
- Privates (Central)
- Outdoor (corner)
For hip roof rafters, the same material is used as for gable roof rafters - a wooden beam with a section of 150x150 or a board 50x150 mm.
It is also possible to use roof metal profileHowever, it will be almost impossible to build such a roof on your own.
As for the work on roof insulation, the creation of lathing and the installation of roofing materials, here hip roofs practically do not differ from roofs of other types.
Therefore, the main attention will be paid to the truss systems of hip roofs.
hip roof frame
The construction of the frame of the hip roof is carried out according to the following scheme:
- To begin with, we mount the supporting bar-mauerlat along the perimeter of the building. In addition to the Mauerlat, we install a transverse beam in the middle of the roof.
- We install racks for the ridge run on the transverse beam. We set the racks strictly vertically and fix them with braces.
- On the racks, with the help of a level and a plumb line, we fasten the ridge run, strictly maintaining its position both in level and in height. The entire geometry of the hip roof largely depends on the accuracy of the installation of the ridge run - so this stage must be carried out as carefully as possible.
- The next stage in the construction of a rafter roof is the installation of sloping (corner rafters). As a result, all four slopes of the future roof are formed, therefore the installation accuracy must be very high. In order for the four slopes to be planes without deviations, it is necessary to achieve equality in the lengths of all four rafters.
- We fasten the rafters with the lower end to the corners of the Mauerlat, and with the upper end to the ridge beam. For fastening we use steel brackets and special brackets.
- When installing the rafters, we lay the size of the overhang - the protrusion of the roof beyond the plane of the wall. The optimal overhang is about 40-50 cm, however, in areas with strong winds, an overhang of up to 1 m is possible to protect the walls from moisture.
- Further, the device of the hip roof involves the installation of intermediate rafters. The first stage includes the installation of ordinary rafters, which must be fixed both in the Mauerlat and in the ridge run. We install all ordinary (central) rafters parallel to each other, and fix it with a notch with additional fixation with brackets.
Note! At the stage of installation of the rafter system, complex nodes of the truss roof, in which several elements are joined, must be especially carefully performed. One of the most difficult knots is the junction of the ridge, two diagonal rafters, two central rafters and one hip rafter.
To facilitate docking, on the ridge beam we make a trim in the form of a double bevel - the main thing is that the planes coincide with the planes of the bevels on the corresponding rafters.
- The next stage is the installation of corner rafters (spiders). It is optimal if the main and hip slopes will join with diagonal rafters in different places.Docking can be carried out both with the help of stand (cranial) bars, and with the help of a cut.
Note ! We mount the hip roof sprigs (highlighted in green in the figure) strictly parallel to the intermediate rafters (highlighted in yellow).
In principle, the creation of rafters for the hip roof is completed with the installation of sprigs. However, in some cases (especially if the roof is large) it may be necessary to strengthen the roof.
hip roof reinforcement technology
Depending on the size of the building, the hip-type roof is reinforced in various ways:
- At the corners of the structure, you can install the so-called truss with a stand that supports the diagonal rafter. Sprengel is a beam that is thrown between the two shoulders of the Mauerlat, forming a common angle.
Note! If the truss is installed far from the corner, then a truss truss is mounted for greater reliability. The stand in this case is attached to the truss with two inclined bars - struts.
- For tightening (and if the ceiling is made of reinforced concrete, then on the floor itself), we install a number of racks, connected by a bar in the upper part. The bar acts as a kind of “shelf”, which supports the rafters in the middle and ensures an even distribution of loads on the roofing.
- With a process like installation of long diagonal rafters large size instead of one rafter, we install paired rafters. At the same time, we win not only in length, but also in strength, since the diagonal rafters must withstand the maximum load level.
After completion of work to strengthen the truss system for the hip roof, you can proceed to the construction of the crate and work on insulation.
By the way, when insulating a hip roof from the inside, trimming will definitely be required. roof insulation, since it will not work to save time by calculating the distance between the rafter legs - some of the plates will need to be cut at an angle.
The same applies to piece roofing materials, especially large-sized ones, such as slate and metal tiles.
And yet, despite all the above difficulties, hip-type roofs continue to be one of the most popular.
Such a complex structure of the roof ensures its high performance - which means that the final result is worth the effort spent on it.
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