During the construction of a country house, many owners decide to equip the attic. Consider how to build a mansard roof with your own hands.
It is customary to call an attic a living space located under the very roof. A distinctive feature of this room is sloping walls and a sloping ceiling.
It is customary to distinguish attic by seasonal use:
- Winter - insulated attic;
- Summer - attic without insulation.
In addition, the premises are divided according to the nature of the slope of the roof slopes.
Distinguish:
- Attics with partially vertical walls;
- Attics with sloping walls.
If, according to the project, the house has an asymmetrical facade or one roof slope is shorter than the other, then a semi-mansard roof is built. In this case, the room on the one hand will look like an ordinary attic, and on the other - like a full-fledged floor of the house.
Acute-angled attics are obtained during the construction of the roof in the form of the letter "A". This design is simple, but you should be aware that the cost of building materials when choosing this option will be significant, since it will require the purchase of long boards and beams.
If an attic with a broken contour is being built, then the cost of acquiring material is reduced. In addition, the room will have partially vertical walls.
The disadvantage of this option is to recognize the complex connections of the elements of the truss systems.
Stages of building a mansard roof
The first step is to calculate the mansard roof and draw up an appropriate project. If the attic is being built in a newly erected house, then, as a rule, all calculations are available in the project of the house.
When carrying out the reconstruction of an old building, which includes the construction of an attic floor, the stages of work are as follows:
- Drafting of the attic floor;
- Inspection of the foundation of the house and load-bearing walls to identify defects and damage;
- Dismantling of the existing roofing system;
- Installation of new roof structures, according to the project;
- Carrying out works on thermal and waterproofing of ceilings and newly erected structures;
- Installation of end walls;
- Installation of mansard type roofing.
An important point in deciding how to build a roof with an attic is the selection of materials. The main selection criterion is their low weight, so almost the only suitable option is wood.
The procedure for the construction of the attic truss system
The highlight in mansard roof construction is the construction of truss systems.
The order of work is as follows:
- Mauerlat installation;
- Installation of a truss structure;
- Installation of additional fasteners;
- Construction of the crate.
Mauerlat installation
Installation Mauerlat in a gable mansard roof carried out in places of inclination of the rafters. That is, with a gable roof, the Mauerlat is placed on both sides, with a four-slope roof, it is necessary to mount load-bearing beams around the entire perimeter.
The most common option for attaching a beam to a wall is a monolithic grouting with the installation of studs for docking with holes in the Mauerlat bars.
Advice! For this purpose, it is necessary to use studs with a diameter of at least 10 mm, while they must go beyond the concrete level by at least 3 cm.
The cross section of the beam, which is used for the Mauerlat device, depends on the load that it has to bear. As a rule, bars with a section of 15 × 15 or 20 × 20 cm are used.
The distance between the studs is chosen so that they are located between the knocks of the rafters. Otherwise, there will be too many tie-ins in the bar, which will lead to its weakening.
For example, if the distance between the rafters is 1 meter, the studs can also be placed in increments of 1 meter, only they should be located between the rafters.
If a mansard roof is being built, then before installing the Mauerlat, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing work using roofing material or materials with similar properties.
Holes are drilled in the Mauerlat bars exactly to the size of the studs. After installing the bars, washers are installed on the studs and nuts are screwed.
Advice! For fastening the Mauerlat bars, it is desirable to use galvanized steel fasteners.
If the house is made of bricks, then the studs for attaching the Mauerlat can be strengthened into masonry during the construction of walls.
Installation of roof trusses
The next step in resolving the issue of how to build a mansard roof is the installation of roof trusses. It is convenient to pre-make a sample that will be used for assembly.
To do this, you need to climb onto the roof, connect the bars at the required angle, make the necessary fasteners and outline cutouts for installation.
Further work can be carried out on the ground, where truss trusses will be assembled according to the model. Then the finished structures are lifted to the installation site and strengthened.
First you need to install the extreme farms, and then stretch a level along their ridge, along which you can control the correct installation of the rest.
The rafters are attached to the Mauerlat with studs or brackets on self-tapping screws. Between themselves, the rafters are fastened with brackets or studs with brackets.
After all the trusses are installed, you can start installing additional ties and jumpers to make the structure more rigid.
As a rule, when a do-it-yourself mansard roof is built at home, a crossbar is installed closer to the upper connection of the rafters, which not only fixes the rafters, but also serves as the basis for the ceiling of the attic room.
If a mansard roof with a balcony or windows is planned, then appropriate openings must be provided in the truss system. If according to the design of the attic window with removal and vertical installation, then for them it is necessary to build an additional truss system.
The final stages of construction
After installing the roof trusses, it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier on the inside. This will prevent moisture from entering the insulation layer from inside the room.
Next, we build a mansard roof by laying mineral wool as a heat-insulating material. Wool slabs are laid between the rafters.
The next step is to lay a layer of waterproofing. Now you can start building the crate.
Mounting method mansard roof battens depends on the chosen roofing material. Under roll materials, a continuous crate is required, with a minimum distance between the boards. For corrugated slate or natural tiles, a sparse crate is used with a distance between the boards of 30-60 cm.
It is better to entrust the installation of the roof and especially the installation of inclined windows to specialists, as this is a rather complicated job that requires professional skills.
Those who wish to receive additional information on how a mansard roof is built with their own hands can find a video on this issue on the net. It should be borne in mind that this work is quite complicated, requiring the supervision of professionals.
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