A gable mansard roof is the most frequently chosen option in the construction of a private or country house. What are the advantages of this option and what rules should be observed during construction, you can read in our article.
For those who want their home to be not only strong and durable, but also have a stylish look, a mansard gable roof is the best way out.
Also, this option of roofs is also chosen by those people who simply decided to increase the number of living rooms, but there is no way to make an extension. After all, the attic is an additional room that can be used as an attic or living room.
The first who decided to use this space as a room was F. Mansard. In honor of him, it was named the attic.
What are the advantages of this type of roof?
- Such a superstructure gives almost no load on the foundation, unlike another floor.
- The cost of the roof is relatively small.
- All roofing work can be done by handwith the help of several people.
- If you decide to simply complete the attic to an existing house, you do not need to coordinate this type of work with the architect.
- In addition to the roof, you get a full-fledged room that can be used at your discretion.
- During the construction of such roofs, you can do without the participation of heavy equipment, which also significantly saves money.
Another advantage of this roof is that at any time you can disassemble and redo it. It won't take much time or money. Everything is taken apart and added. There would be a desire.
If the decision is made, then the next question is: “Where to start?”. And to begin, like any construction, should be with the project. Thanks to him, you can correctly calculate the amount of materials, find out the order of work.
When designing, it is necessary to take into account the features of the structure. It should be the unity of architecture and design. And the main role here is played by the choice of materials. They should be light.
Since this will reduce the load on the foundation and facilitate the lifting of the structure up. The most suitable material is wooden rafters or metal profiles.
Before proceeding with the construction, all wooden materials must be dried to a moisture level of 8-12% and treated with special preparations against fire, chemical and biological factors. Wooden elements should be connected using metal gear plates.
As a roofing material suitable:
- Bitumen;
- metal tile;
- Euroslate;
- Ceramic tiles.
The standard version of the roof structure will look like this: roofing material, waterproofing, insulation, vapor barrier and decorative trim. Let's consider them in more detail.
Waterproofing
For under-roof waterproofing, films of two types are used: those with waterproofing ability (with double-circuit ventilation) and diffusion membranes (with one ventilation gap).
But it should be borne in mind that warm air rises from the bottom up, and the above materials do not pass moisture well, condensation may occur on the insulation. Because of this, it will partially begin to lose its thermal insulation qualities.
Therefore, it is necessary to protect the insulation also from below. Plus, it is necessary to leave an air gap (about 50 mm) between the thermal insulation and the roofing waterproofing.
Remember! Ventilation of the under-roof space must be provided. That is, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cornice overhang there should be a gap through which air will enter. The hood takes place in a ridge or pitched aerator.
Warming
Various materials can be used as heaters: mineral wool, stone wool slabs.
The main thing is that the material is non-combustible. To a question mansard roof insulation should be taken very seriously. This is due to the fact that the heat transfer on the roof is much higher than in the house.
If you incorrectly calculate the thickness of the insulation or choose the wrong material, then it will be hot in summer and cold in winter. So everything must be well calculated.
To do this, you can use the norms of SNiP 23-02-2003.Calculations are made taking into account the average air temperature and the duration of the heating period.
Not unimportant issue is the angle of inclination of the mansard roof. Usually this size varies from 30 to 60, depending on the type of roof.
The 3 most commonly used options are:
- Gable roof with a rafter angle of about 45 - the most common option for central Russia. Conventional truss system. Perfect for houses with a width of 6-8m.
- Mansard roof with an angle of inclination 60 - a pointed roof, typical for the western regions of Russia. It is used in the construction of houses with a width of at least 6m. A more expensive option, but such a roof gives the house an expressive architectural look.
- Sloping mansard roof - has two different slopes of rafters 30 and 60. Used if the width of the house is less than 6m. It is considered a more economical option. This structure allows you to more fully use the space under the roof.
We propose to find out some of the requirements that apply to these types of roofs:
- First: the roof should be made only from light roofing materials.
- Secondly: the main factor in the construction of such roofs is thermal insulation. This layer must be made of reliable and high-quality material, properly laid.
- Thirdly: be sure to trim the thermal insulation on both sides. We use waterproofing from the roof, and vapor barrier from the side of the room.
- Fourthly: there must be ventilation of the under-roof space.
The most difficult thing in the construction of a mansard roof is the correct manufacture and connection of the rafters. They do it on the ground, and then the structures are lifted in parts to the roof.
Start with the extreme sections. They are attached to the Mauerlat (lower support for rafters), beams or boards laid around the perimeter of the building.
Then the rest of the sections go up. They are aligned along the two extreme ones and are also attached to the lower support. Everything else - runs, overhangs, racks and ridge, are installed as additional elements to the roof structure.
After installation, proceed to the spreading of waterproofing and laying roofing materials. Then they already carry out work from the inside of the room: insulation, vapor barrier and decorative trim.
Drywall, lining or plastic can be used as finishing materials. Depends on your desire, money and further use of the premises.
As you already understood, mansard roofs are a fairly simple construction technology.
But the main thing is to choose the right materials. Experts recommend using edged boards 50x150 mm in size for rafters, a wooden beam 150x150 mm for Mauerlat, and composite boards 50x150 mm for longitudinal and adjacent supports.
The tree must be well dried and treated with special solutions. When working at height, do not forget about safety precautions and use safety belts.
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