Construction of the roof of the house: how to build, as well as the device of the roof of the veranda

The construction of the roof of the house is the next stage of construction after the completion of the foundation, walls and ceilings of the house. The roof is a kind of fifth facade of the building, which must be made waterproof, frost-resistant, durable and retain heat. It is a constructive complex equipped with a multi-layer roofing pie, to which, among other things, a drainage system is attached and skylights are built in.

Content

What should be the slope of the roof

Piece-type materials, as a rule, are laid on a roof with a sufficiently large slope. Roofs of houses with a slope of 3-5 degrees are referred to as flat, up to 40 degrees or more - to pitched roofs.

In regions with a significant amount of precipitation, roofs are built with a slope of 45 degrees, while in areas with frequent and strong winds, they are made more gentle.

Also, the slope of the roof depends on the selected roofing material. Tiles and slates are piece materials, and such materials should be used on roof slopes with a slope of at least 22 degrees, otherwise precipitation may seep at the joints of the sheets.

In addition, the slope of the roof affects its cost. So, more roofing material is spent on roofs with a large slope, that is, its cost increases. The most economical flat, roof slope angle of this type is 5 degrees.

Advice! Gable roofs are usually performed with a slope of 25-45 degrees, single-pitched - 20-30 degrees.

Structural elements of the roof

In addition to the roofing material, the construction of a roof house involves the construction of the foundation of any roof - the rafter system, which holds both the roof itself and the roofing pie.

The rafter system consists of the following elements:

rafters;
crates and struts;
Mauerlat.

An important component of the roof structure is the roofing pie, which includes layers of heat and vapor barrier, waterproofing, counter-battens and roofing.

Roof installation

Do-it-yourself roof construction is carried out according to the following scheme:

It begins with the installation of a support beam, the so-called Mauerlat, on the longitudinal load-bearing outer walls of the house.
Such a beam, usually with a cross section of 150 * 150 mm, is fixed on the walls with anchors, while placing waterproofing material under it - strips of roofing felt or roofing material.
Next, the rafters are mounted, the section of which is selected depending on their length, slope, step between the rafters and the overlapped span.
The upper ends of the rafters are attached to the ridge beam or overlapped with the help of overlays, the lower ends are attached to the Mauerlat with brackets and twists to the wall of the building.
For stability and rigidity of the rafters, struts are arranged between the girders and racks.
To form an overhang that will protect the wall from getting wet, rafters or puffs are taken out of the outer wall of the house. The overhang is made at least 600 mm long. If a chalet roof is planned, then the length of the overhang can exceed 1 or even 2 meters.
After installing the rafters, a batten beam is laid perpendicular to them. The installation step of the crate is selected depending on the roofing material.

The choice of roofing material

how to build a roof of a private house — Veranda roof device

To choose the best option, you need to consider the features of the most commonly used roofing materials.

Let's consider some of them:

Ceramic tiles have such positive properties as fire resistance, frost resistance, resistance to external influences. In addition, ceramic tiles have good vapor permeability and sound absorption, have a low thermal conductivity, do not accumulate static electricity and can last more than 100 years. In addition, ceramic tiles are environmentally friendly and can be laid on the roof of any shape.
Polymer-sand and cement-sand tiles have similar qualities. Externally, these types of tiles are almost indistinguishable from ceramic, but they are cheaper and lighter in weight.
The metal tile is strong enough, resistant to corrosion, UV radiation, aggressive environments, and also light. It is easy to mount, drill, cut. There is a wide variety of colors, textures and wave profiles of such material. The metal tile has gained well-deserved popularity, not least due to the speed of laying.
The soft bituminous tile possesses a set of coloring and shades. It is not as durable as other materials, but it is durable, aesthetic, frost-resistant, perfectly absorbs noise and is elastic, so that it can cover any curved plane.

Installation of a roofing pie

chalet roof device — Roofing pie laying scheme

The design of the roofing cake is formed depending on the operating conditions of the attic. Each layer of the roofing cake is designed to perform a specific function.

Different types of roofs may differ not only in the features of their design, but also in the selection of functional layers.

For their normal functioning, a multilayer “pie” is created in compliance with the sequence of layers and the provision of ventilated gaps in it.

The roofing pie is mounted as follows:

The counter-lattice of the roofing cake is nailed to the rafters at the end of their installation. It is formed from bars with a section of 50 * 50 mm, while leaving a gap of 50 mm or more between the insulation and waterproofing. Thanks to the gap, water vapor is removed from the insulation in a timely manner, reducing its useful properties.
A waterproofing film is laid over the counter-lattice in a horizontal position, with a gap of 10 cm and insignificant sagging in case of thermal expansion of the material. Its principle of operation is such that it passes water vapor entering the insulation from the room, but does not allow moisture to enter the thermal insulation layer from outside. With small roof slopes (10-22 degrees) and the laying of piece materials, an additional waterproofing layer is usually provided. When using a superdiffusion membrane, it is laid on the rafters above the thermal insulation, and then the control bars are nailed to the rafters.
Upon completion of the laying of the waterproofing layer, a crate is strengthened across the rafters, intended for laying the roofing material. It is made of bars with a section of 40 * 40 or 50 * 50 mm and laid perpendicular to the rafters. This allows you to create a second ventilation gap between the roofing material and the waterproofing, through which moisture penetrating under the roof will be removed.
Before you build the roof of a private house, you need to consider that some types of roofing materials are laid on a continuous crate. These include sheet steel, soft bituminous roofing, flat slate, etc.In such cases, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards are used as the material for the lathing, which are laid with a run-out of seams and a gap to compensate for the linear expansion of the material during temperature changes.
Roofing material is laid on the crate, moving from right to left and from bottom to top. Depending on the type of roofing material, it is fixed with nails, screws, glue, special locks. Be sure to provide the necessary overlaps (for asbestos-cement slate in length - at least 10 cm, in width - for 1 wave).
From the inside, insulation is laid between the rafters without gaps. The thickness of the insulation should be less than the height of the rafters. Layers of insulation are laid with an overlap. Mineral wool slabs are usually used here.
On the inside of the insulation, a layer of vapor barrier is laid with an overlap of 10 cm, using polyethylene reinforced with reinforcing mesh or fabric. To seal the layer, the polyethylene joints are glued with self-adhesive tape. For all layers of the cake, the vapor permeability should increase outward, which is necessary so that the roof can “breathe” and moisture does not accumulate in its materials and construction.

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