So, the foundation has been erected, the walls and ceilings have been completed, and we decided - we are building a roof with our own hands! What should be taken into account in order to make the "fifth facade" reliable, durable and beautiful?
The most important thing when building a roof yourself is the most careful study of all the information available on the issue of interest to us.
One of the most informative sources of information that will help us when we make a roof with our own hands is a video that describes in detail all the stages of the process. Also, information.
We can learn about the technology of roof construction in industry architectural publications, as well as in regulatory documentation.It is on GOSTs that one should rely when designing a roof - otherwise we risk encountering unpleasant surprises during the further operation of the roof.
Roof layout
When we build the roof of a house with our own hands, the importance of planning - namely, choosing the type of roof and calculating the bearing capacity of its frame - comes to the fore.
And if video clips from the Internet will help us in the question of how to build a roof at home, then in the calculation part we are required to have a certain level of theoretical training.
The most popular types of roofing are gable, hipped and sloping roofs. Each of these types is unique and has its own merits. At the same time, there are enough construction features for each type.
In addition to the type of roof, the choice of which is determined by the dimensions of the building and your personal preferences, an important factor is the angle of the slope of its slopes.
The general rule is: if your region has a large amount of precipitation, then we build a roof with steeper slopes, and if strong winds blow, then we make the slopes more gentle.
It should also be borne in mind that piece roofing materials such as slate or tiles are laid only on slopes with a certain angle. For example, for slate this angle is 22 and more - otherwise the risk of roof leakage is high.
It is also necessary to calculate the bearing capacity of the roof frame, which depends on the configuration of the rafter legs, the section of the rafter beam, the estimated weight of the roof and the snow load.
To calculate these parameters, you can use special computer programs. On average, the assembled roof structure must withstand a load of 200 kg / m2.
Roof structure
No matter how difficult and lengthy it is to build a house with your own hands, the roof is the final element. That is why so much attention is paid to its construction.
What does roofing work include?
Any video posted on the Internet on how to build a roof shows us that the basis of the roof is a frame, which is a truss system.
On the rafters, a crate and a counter-crate of wooden beams are attached, which serve as a support for the actual roof. Also "roofing cake" includes:
- waterproofing
- vapor barrier
- insulation
Create a roof frame
It was not in vain that we mentioned above the need for the most in-depth and detailed study of all available information about the technique of building roofs.
When we start building a roof with our own hands, videos and articles on relevant resources on the network will help you figure out the sequence of building a truss system.
The algorithm for erecting rafters is as follows:
- We lay a Mauerlat on the longitudinal external load-bearing walls - a support beam with a section of 150x150mm. It is recommended to lay a layer of roofing material under the beam to ensure high-quality waterproofing.
- We install rafters on the Mauerlat, fixing them with steel brackets and special brackets (this process is shown in more detail in various instructions on how to build a roof - video or text). The pitch of the rafters, their configuration, length and section are determined by calculation at the planning stage of the roof.
rafters
- We take out the edges of the rafters outside the perimeter of the building - this will allow us to equip the roof, which will provide the most efficient drainage from the walls of buildings and its foundation. The optimal overhang of the rafters is 500-600mm.
- The rafters are connected to each other either using screws with wide washers, or using plywood pads.
- After the rafters are installed, runs are attached to them - longitudinal bars. Braces and/or uprights can be added to reinforce the truss system.
The choice of roofing material
After the rafters are erected, they can be stuffed with battens.
The configuration of the crate itself depends on which roofing material we choose for such a structure, such as our roof - and this means that it is necessary to analyze modern roving materials, identifying their advantages and disadvantages.
What roofing materials are presented on the modern market?
- Ceramic tiles are characterized by a high level of fire resistance, they are environmentally friendly and tolerate low temperatures well. It is suitable for roofs of any type, and the durability of this material makes ceramic tiles quite popular.
- Cement-sand and polymer-sand tiles are practically indistinguishable from ceramic ones in terms of properties. True, these types of roofing material are lighter and cheaper than ceramic tiles.
- Soft (bituminous) tiles are less durable, but their relatively short service life is compensated by ease of use. Due to the flexible structure of shingles, it is very convenient to cover curved surfaces.
- The metal tile possesses the high durability, resistance to corrosion and external influences. The insignificant weight allows to use it as a universal roof. The key disadvantage of a metal tile is that it is undesirable to cut it - the cut line exposes the metal and makes it vulnerable to oxidation.
Roof insulation and waterproofing
Easily found on the net at the request "how to build a video roof" videos unanimously recommend not to neglect either insulation or waterproofing work.
We carry out roof insulation from the inside of the attic (or attic) room. Between the rafters, we lay sheets of insulating material tightly, without gaps, if necessary - fastening them together.
As a heater do-it-yourself roofs you can use materials based on mineral wool - the main thing is that they have a low level of thermal conductivity and have a density of 35 kg / m3 and more. From the inside, the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier membrane.
The waterproofing is laid either on top of the rafters (when using superdiffusion waterproofing membranes) or on top of the counter-lattice.
For waterproofing, it is better to use a special vapor-permeable film - it prevents the formation of condensate inside the "roofing pie".
We lay the panels of the waterproofing film with an overlap, without gaps and sagging.
Note! If the angle of inclination of the roof slope is small (10-20), it is better to equip an additional waterproofing layer.
Roofing
On top of the waterproofing from a wooden beam 50x50 mm, we mount a crate for roofing material on the roof. We lay the lathing bars perpendicular to the rafters.
If we, focusing on the advice of the video, are building a roof with a soft bitumen roof, with a roof made of sheet steel or flat asbestos-cement slate, then we may need a continuous crate.
In this case, we stuff moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards over the rafters. The laying of a continuous crate must be done with a run-out of seams and, of course, with a compensation gap between the sheets.
We attach roofing material to the crate. The optimal direction of movement along the slope is from right to left and from top to bottom, however, deviations from this rule are possible.
The method of fastening depends on the type of material:
- We fix bituminous tiles with nails and glue
- We fix ceramic tiles and slate with the help of clip-clips and special screws, as well as special locks
- We fix the metal tile and ondulin on the crate with self-tapping screws with an octagonal head and a flat washer
- We fasten the slate with special slate nails.
After laying the roof of the roof, the construction can be considered completed.
Building the roof of a house with your own hands, as you may have noticed, is a rather complicated and lengthy process. And yet there is nothing impossible in it, and skill, supported by the theoretical training of the master, can truly work wonders.
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