Stagnation of moisture on the roof is one of the reasons for the rapid destruction of the roof. To reduce the destructive effect of precipitation to a minimum, a drainage system is designed for roofs and gutters are installed.
The complete absence of a gutter system on the roof or its inefficient operation will contribute to the constant dampness on the roof, as well as unregulated water flows during rain or snowmelt.
In this case, not only the roofing material will be destroyed, but the building itself - the walls, the foundation. Therefore, a competent installation of a drain is a guarantee of a long service life of the roof, foundation and facade of each building.
What materials are used for drainage systems?
Today, drainage systems are mounted from different materials. Each of the possible options roof drainage system has its advantages, but ideal solutions do not exist, you have to take into account the disadvantages of the materials used.
Therefore, before you learn how to mount the drain, you need to decide on the choice of system material. In private construction, most often they use:
- Steel galvanized. This material is traditional and one of the most inexpensive. The disadvantages include insufficient corrosion resistance and, consequently, a relatively short service life.
- Steel, galvanized with a polymer coating. This type of gutter looks very attractive, because it matches the color of the roof, such a gutter system lasts much longer than just steel. The disadvantages include a higher cost and increased complexity of installation, since during the work it is important to prevent damage to the polymer coating.
- Copper. Such gutters for the roof they look very noble, but they are very expensive, in addition, they are often deformed.
- Plastic and metal-plastic. This option has recently become the most popular, since the material is quite cheap, installation is simple, and the performance of the drainage system is quite good.
How is water flow calculated?
If the installation of gutters is planned, then even before the purchase of materials, it is necessary to calculate the catchment system. This system usually includes the following elements:
- Gutter;
- Gutter couplings;
- Gutter brackets;
- funnels;
- Gutter corner element;
- plug;
- Downspout;
- Drainpipe brackets;
- Elbow (upper and lower) downpipe;
- Drainpipe coupling.
The roof catchment area is taken as the main calculation parameter. It is this parameter that affects the determination of the diameter of the gutter and the number of funnels. As a general rule, the number of storm drains should equal the number of corners on the roof.
It is best if the installation scheme of the drainage system is drawn up by a specialist, since it is extremely difficult for people who are far from designing building structures to carry out all the necessary calculations.
As a last resort, you can use the following recommendations for choosing the diameter of pipes and gutters:
- If a small country house, a bathhouse or a gazebo with a slope area of up to 70 sq.m. is being built, then the cross section of the gutter should be in the range of 70-115 mm, and the diameter of the pipes should be 50-75 mm.
- In the event that a cottage is being built with a slope area of \u200b\u200bup to 100 sq.m., it is already necessary to take pipes of a larger diameter. In this case, the cross section of the gutter should be 115-130 mm, and the pipe diameter should be 75-100 mm.
- For a house with a slope area exceeding 100 squares, a gutter with a diameter of 140-200 mm is selected, and pipes with a cross section of 90-160 mm.
As a rule, when calculating the external drain, it is assumed that 1 pipe is required for every 100 square meters of roofing.
It is important to withstand and the correct slope drainage from the roof. If it is too small, then the gutter will overflow with water, and if the slope is too strong, the funnel will not be able to pass the incoming amount of water. As a rule, the slope of the gutter is made within 2-5 mm per linear meter.
When purchasing system parts, you have to perform additional calculations. So, in order to calculate the number of gutters needed, you need to know the length of the slope.
Example: If you plan to install plastic gutters, then on sale you can find gutters 3 and 4 meters long. For example, the length of the roof eaves is 10.5 meters, therefore, it is advisable to purchase three gutters: two 4 meters long and one three meters (4 + 4 + 3 = 11). In this case, only 0.5 meters of the gutter will go to waste.
Couplings are used to collect individual sections of the gutter into a single system. Their number should be one less than the number of gutters, that is, in our example, two couplings must be purchased.
How to install a drainage system?
Consider how the installation of the drainage system is carried out. As a rule, these works are carried out at the stage of roof construction, even before the roofing material is laid.
One of the most important nuances of installation is the installation of brackets on which the gutter will be attached. As a rule, the brackets are attached to the frontal board of the roof, and in its absence, to the rafter legs.
The spacing of the brackets depends on the material of the drainage system. So, for a plastic gutter, the brackets are installed at a distance of 0.5-0.6 m from each other.
And it is carried out in increments of 0.7-1.5 meters. if metal gutters are installed - mounting bracket
Advice! Be sure to install additional brackets on both sides of the funnel and at the corners of the gutter. The gutter must be strengthened so that the overhang of the roof falls in its middle, in this case, even with heavy rain, the water will not overflow over the edge.
Consider how to mount gutters to withstand the required slope of the gutter.As already mentioned, this value should be 2-5 mm per meter, that is, with a gutter length of 10.5 meters, the slope will be 21-52.5 mm.
First, the first bracket is installed on the frontal board, and then the last one with the appropriate indent in height. Then a twine is stretched between these two elements, along which the remaining brackets will be installed.
Installation of a gutter is made on already built-in hooks. The front of the gutter is placed under the folded edge of the bracket and the gutter is rotated ninety degrees, setting it in place.
Fastening is carried out using special plates.
If plastic drainage systems are installed, the installation of the connections of individual parts is carried out in two ways:
- With the help of rubber seals;
- by cold welding.
Both of these options have their merits. So, when using rubber gaskets, the latter will not only create the necessary seal, but also play the role of compensators when the linear dimensions of the pipes change due to temperature changes.
However, such pads can eventually lose their elasticity and cease to cope with their functions.
If, in the manufacture of a plastic drainage system, installation is carried out using special adhesives, then the connection is reliable and durable, since the connection by cold welding fastens the elements of the system at the molecular level.
However, such a connection is not able to compensate for changes in the linear dimensions of the elements, which will lead to pipe cracking.
The next stage of work, when gutters are installed, is the installation of weirs, that is, the installation of outlet funnels.If a plastic drainage system is mounted, then a hole is cut out at the funnel installation site with a fine-toothed hacksaw, the edges of the cuts are protected.
A strip of glue is applied along the inside of the funnel, stepping back one centimeter from the edge of the part. Two strips of glue are applied along the edge of the hole made at a distance of 0.5 cm from each other.
Assembly of parts should begin immediately. The funnel is brought under the gutter and fixed at the installation site under the hole made.
At the edges of the gutter hole, so-called “tears” are made from the inside by heating the plastic on both sides of the hole.
Another important step is the installation of downpipes, when performing this work, the following recommendations should be followed:
- The distance from the pipe to the wall of the house should be 3-8 cm, since if the pipe is fixed close to the facade, the wall will become damp from rain.
- Fastener brackets are installed in increments of 1-2 meters, with mandatory installation at the pipe junctions.
- The distance between the pipe drain and the ground surface must be at least 30 cm, and in the case of a drainage system, at least 15 cm.
conclusions
Thus, the installation of gutters is a rather complicated and very responsible operation. In the absence of experience in construction, it is better not to undertake its implementation on your own, but to entrust it to professionals.
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