If you decide that your house will have a hipped roof with your own hands, then this article is for you. This design is considered the most complex, in contrast to single-pitched, double-pitched and mansard roofs. It all depends on the correctness of the calculation and the quality of the work performed. How and what to do is written below.
How to build a hipped roof? A hipped roof is usually a four-pitched structure with a square in the middle. Its slopes are isosceles triangles converging towards the center.
The roof can be multi-pitched or generally round, the main thing is to observe symmetry. In appearance, it resembles a tent, hence the name - tent. Due to the absence of gables, these roofs save on materials. In addition, they have an unusual and attractive design.
A do-it-yourself hipped roof can be installed on any building, but it is more convenient if the house has the shape of a square.
At the heart of this roof is a truss system, which is considered a complex structure. The main thing here is to calculate everything correctly. Of course, it is better to leave this matter to a specialist, but if you have the skill, you can do everything yourself.
Calculation
To calculate a hipped roof, you need to know the length and width of the base, plus the angle of inclination of the slopes. Basically, such structures consist of isosceles triangles, and are based on a square.
We can easily find the length of the hip rafters, the area and the height of the surface. To do this, we need to multiply the area of \u200b\u200bone slope (triangle) by four.
If it is based on a rectangle, it will not be difficult to calculate, knowing elementary geometric formulas. The roof consists of two equal triangles and two equal trapezoids. We need to find the height of the triangle and the trapezoid.
This will be the length of the hip rafters. Then, using the formula, we calculate the area of \u200b\u200beach figure (trapezoid and triangle), sum them up and multiply by two. We get the area of the roof slopes.
The area of the slope is calculated by the formula: S = 2*(d*h), where S is the area of the slope; d is the length of the base; h is the height of the triangle.
Now you need to find out the area of eaves overhangs. They are shaped like an isosceles trapezoid. To do this, we need to multiply the height of the figure by half the sum of the lengths of the bases.
This can be done in two ways:
- Using the height of the ridge and the length of the base of the entire roof.
- Taking into account the length of the base and the length of the diagonal rafter leg.
In the figures you can see how and by what formulas the area of \u200b\u200bone slope and the roof as a whole is calculated.After that, you can proceed to the calculation of the elements of the roof truss system.
But it is better to order a drawing of a hipped roof from specialists. According to it, it will be possible to determine the amount of materials, the length of the rafters and the stages of work.
The hipped roof frame consists of the following elements:
- Diagonal rafters;
- Mauerlat (support beam);
- Skate and side runs;
- Braces and braces;
- Diagonal elements for structural rigidity.
The construction technology of a hipped roof involves the use of two types of diagonal rafters:
- Hanging rafters rest on the outer walls. This creates a bursting horizontal force. To reduce it, it will be necessary to put wooden or metal puffs. Such rafters are used in cases where there are no internal load-bearing walls or supports.
- Laminated rafters rest not only on the outer walls, but also on supports located in the middle of the roof or internal load-bearing walls. As a result, the design is lighter (unlike the previous version), it is possible to save lumber, and hence money. Laminated rafters can be used on hipped roofs with a slope angle of no more than 40 degrees.
Advice! Repair and replacement of hanging rafters is considered a difficult task. Therefore, experts recommend using this option only in extreme cases.
And so, where to start building a hipped roof? The entire structure rests on the foundation of the building. In wooden frame buildings, on the upper trim, specially provided for this.
In brick houses on Mauerlat (support bars). In log cabins on the upper crowns. For brick buildings, the walls must be leveled.For this, a screed is poured. Experts recommend immediately mounting the embedded elements to bind the Mauerlat.
We lay the support bars and beds on a flat surface. Between the brickwork of the walls and the Mauerlat, a layer of moisture-resistant material must be laid. The support beam lies along the perimeter of the building; this is the basis for the rafters and the ridge.
Hip roof rafters are a construction of two types of truss trusses. The first is the usual trusses whose slopes are connected in a ridge. The second is the side triangular rafters. Diagonal rafters are installed.
And here the main thing is the accuracy of the work. These rafters are responsible for the straightness of the planes of the slopes and their evenness. The focus is on the length and angle of inclination, which will be equal for all four sides.
When determining the length, it is worth considering the dimensions of the overhang. Their length can reach up to one meter.
After installing the rafters, you can proceed to the installation of the central ones. All of them have the same size and are located strictly parallel to each other. We attach one edge to the Mauerlat, and the other to the ridge.
When installing complex nodes to (where rafters of different types converge), special attention should be paid to this type of calculation. Correct installation implies a double undercut. In this case, the planes of the bevels of the same rafters must match.
Now it's time to fix the corner rafters to the diagonal ones. To do this, a shard beam is attached to both sides of the rafters. The main condition for this stage of installation is that the fasteners must take place in different places of the diagonal rafter (in a run). They are mounted parallel to the central elements.
To increase the strength of the structure, the installation of a hipped roof involves the installation of a transverse beam that will connect all the central rafters. It is attached to the ceiling with several racks.
Reminder! Before starting work, be sure to treat all wooden elements with a fire-retardant solution.
After completing the installation of the frame, you can proceed to the insulation, laying steam, waterproofing and roofing material.
You can start with laying waterproofing. It is spread from the bottom up, overlapping (overlapping 10cm). We put the lower edge on the eaves bar, you should not connect it on the ridge. Such styling contributes to the ventilation of the insulation.
On top of the film we stuff a counter-lattice, which performs two functions: ventilation of the roof and holds the waterproofing. For this purpose, we nail the bars along the rafter legs. Their height can be from 2 to 5 cm.
We fill the crate and lay the roofing material on such hip roof type. From the inside of the roof we lay the insulation and cover it with a vapor barrier. Optionally, over the insulation, the roof is covered with veneer, clapboard or other material.
Such a design will turn out to be strong and reliable and will last for more than a decade. The construction of such structures requires a special skill and certain knowledge.
How to make a hipped roof, you read above, you can also watch videos on the Internet. But, if funds allow, it is better to hire specialists.
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