The hip roof is essentially a four-pitched roof, consisting of two side slopes and two hips - additional slopes that cover the space between the side slopes. In order for the roof to turn out to be reliable and durable, before proceeding with its construction, it is necessary to correctly calculate the hip roof, which will be discussed in this article.
The roof is not just a structure that completes the construction of a house, it is also the main element that protects the building from various climatic influences. In addition, the roof determines the appearance of the entire building, as it catches the eye at the first glance at it.
The installation of a hip roof should be done carefully and carefully, since the service life of the house, as well as the internal conditions in the living room, directly depend on the correctness of its construction.
In order to the roof is even slate turned out to be as reliable as possible and ensured comfortable living in the house, it should be calculated carefully, without making the slightest mistake.
Hip roof: main characteristics
There are two types of roof construction: flat and pitched roofs. Flat roofs of houses in fact, they are not completely flat, since they must have a slope of at least one degree to ensure the flow of melt and rainwater.
Due to the climatic conditions in our country, the construction of pitched roofs is more appropriate, since frequent precipitation in the form of snow and rain does not allow flat structures to effectively drain water accumulating on the roofs.
The hip roof is a type of pitched roof, outwardly it looks like a tent. It consists of four separate slopes, two of which are made in the form of a trapezoid, and the other two are in the form of triangles.
This design allows hip roofs to be not only reliable in operation, but also quite attractive in appearance.
In addition to these characteristics, the hip roof is distinguished by the rather high complexity of both the rafter and roofing systems, so its construction requires certain experience and qualifications.
Hip roofs serve quite well in areas where frequent and strong winds are observed, therefore, when making various hip roof calculations, factors such as:
- The strength and speed of the wind in the area where the house is located;
- Intensity of precipitation;
- The material from which the roof will be made.
Based on these values, it is possible to calculate such indicators as the height of the hip roof, the required angles of inclination of each slope, etc.
To ensure maximum accuracy of calculations, you can resort to the services of a competent specialist in the field of architecture, who previously worked with hip roofs, or use special computer programs for construction calculations.
A qualified architect is able not only to accurately and competently calculate the angles of inclination, but also the optimal area of the hip roof.
Due to the fact that the design of the hip roof includes a large number of irregularities and broken lines, which complicate the procedure for calculating the area of individual slopes or the entire roof surface, it is quite difficult to independently make all the necessary calculations, the probability of errors is very high.
hip roof construction
The supporting structure of a hip roof is a very complex system of rafters, which also includes central rafters not used in other pitched roof structures.
The increased complexity of the supporting structure leads to the need for careful calculation of all future roof loads and angles of inclination of the roof frame.
If errors or inaccuracies are made in the calculation, the roofing system may turn out to be unreliable, and it may collapse already in the first year of operation.
Based on this, it is mandatory to make a correct and accurate calculation of the rafter system and the calculation of the hip roof area, on which such important characteristics as the reliability and service life of the roof structure directly depend.
Determination of the total roof area
The hip roof coverage area is calculated in square meters in the following way:
- Calculate the area, taking into account such elements as the chimney pipe and roof windows;
- Calculate the length of the slope from the bottom of the ridge to the edge of the eaves;
- Calculate elements that are not related to roofing, such as firewall walls, overhangs, parapets, etc.;
- Standing seams, protruding parts of the bars, as well as, in the case of rolled roofing, adjoining sheets, are not included in the calculation.
Important: it should be borne in mind that when calculating the area that a hip roof made of metal tiles or rolled roofing material will have, the length of the slopes should be reduced by 70 cm.
Since the calculation of the area of the hip roof includes a number of difficulties, you should not do it only on your own: you should either involve a specialist for help, or use one of the existing computer programs that allow you to make such calculations accurately and competently.
Most often, to perform such calculations, the roof is conditionally divided into several parts, for each of which a separate calculation is made, after which it remains only to add the results together and finally obtain the required total roof area.
This calculation method not only simplifies the procedure, but also reduces the risk of making an error in the calculations.
In order to most accurately calculate the area, a detailed roof plan is required, which can be developed independently, or contact specialists who will perform it with the highest quality, eliminating the possibility of errors and miscalculations.
In addition to the strength and reliability of the hip roof, the calculation of its area also has a direct impact on the financial costs of its construction, and, consequently, on the total cost of building a house.
A correctly performed calculation allows you to find out how much material (boards, beams, roofing materials) will be required to build a roof and calculate its total cost.
When calculating the hip roof area, one should also take into account the physical and technical parameters of the roofing material, such as its length and thickness, as well as the methods of its installation.
The thickness of the material directly affects the weight of the resulting roof structure, which is a very important factor in calculating the roof area.
The ease of installation depends on the length of the material, for example, it is easier to cover the entire length of the slope with one sheet than to connect two sheets in the middle, for which additional protection against moisture will have to be provided.
As an example, let's compare the installation of ceramic and flexible tiles:
- Ceramic tiles are five times heavier than flexible tiles;
- Flexible tiles, unlike ceramic tiles, do not require a system of rafters and frequent lathing.
- Despite this, it is difficult to say without calculation which tile is more profitable to use: although flexible tile does not require additional work, plywood or other flat material should be placed under it.Therefore, in order to determine the cost of construction and choose a more profitable option, it is necessary to calculate the area.
Of course, the cost of building a house largely depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe hip roof, but it should be borne in mind that the complexity of its design is also a rather important factor, especially when arranging an attic under the roof.
The more complex the design, the greater the impact on the complexity of the calculation of the area will be provided by roof elements such as windows, ventilation holes, etc.
Finally, as an example, let's calculate the roof area of a four-pitched hip roof, at the base of which lies a rectangle, two side faces are isosceles triangles, and two more faces are made in the form of trapezoids.
The tangent of the slope angle of the slope is equal to the ratio of the height of the roof (h) to half the distance between the lower points of the side slopes (b). Therefore, with a known angle of inclination of the roof, the height of the roof is calculated by the formula:
The length of the side rafter (e) is also calculated using the angle of inclination:
The length of the hip diagonal rafters (d) is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem according to the following formula:
The area of the resulting roof (S) is calculated by summing the areas of the four triangles that make up the roof surface:
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