The final stage in the formation of the "box" of the bath is the construction of the roof. When building on their own, craftsmen, as a rule, choose the simplest version of its construction, that is, a shed roof is built for a bath.
Thanks to the simplicity and uncomplicated do-it-yourself shed roof installation, this type of roof is the most common. The roof of this design rests on load-bearing walls, that is, the steepness of the roof slope depends on the height difference between the walls of the bath.
To calculate the tangent of the slope angle, it is necessary to divide the level of difference between the supporting walls by the distance between them.The smaller the slope angle, the easier and cheaper the construction work will be.
But do not forget that a small slope angle will contribute to the fact that snow and water after precipitation will begin to linger on the roof surface. An abundance of moisture can damage the coating.
Therefore, this factor should be taken into account in advance when choosing materials for the roof. For example, often the owners make a two-layer construction of roofing material. In winter, it will be necessary to periodically clean the roof of accumulated snow.
Therefore, even a shed roof for a bath, as a rule, is made with a slope of 20-30 degrees, and in those regions where a large amount of snow falls, it is recommended to make a slope of at least 45 degrees.
Of course, when choosing this option, the consumption of building materials will increase, but the roof itself will turn out to be more reliable and protected from leaks.
A bit of theory
Before proceeding to direct installation of a pitched roof, you should get acquainted with the basics of the theory and get acquainted with the terms that professional builders use.
So, any roof has a supporting frame on which roofing materials are attached.
The main components of the roof are:
- Mauerlat;
- Rafter construction;
- crate;
- Multilayer roof.
Mauerlat is a load-bearing bar that is located on top of the finished walls of the building and serves to connect the truss structure with the “box” of the building.
In the event that the walls are built of brick or similar material, then the surfaces are carefully waterproofed before installing the Mauerlat.
In the event that the bath is built from a bar, then the extreme log in the masonry is capable of performing the functions of a Mauerlat, in which nests are built for installing rafters.
A truss structure or truss truss is a structure made of rigidly connected beams, which serves to normal load distribution. The shape of the structure depends on the size of the span and the type of roof being constructed.
The structure of the farm includes the rafters themselves - massive elements that take on the loads created by the roof, and additional details - screeds, spacers, lintels. Additional parts serve to secure, unload and strengthen the rafters.
It is customary to call a crate a "grid" of boards and bars, which is stuffed over the rafters. The purpose of installing the crate is to more tightly fasten the roof to the created frame.
The fastening step of the lathing depends on the characteristics of the roofing material. For example, when installing roofing felt, it is necessary to make a very dense crate so that the distance between the bars does not exceed 1 cm.
The roof is the top layer of the roof, which is formed from a wear-resistant material that can effectively withstand moisture and temperature changes, and the option shed roof devices from corrugated board very common.
The choice of material for the construction of the bath roof
The choice of roofing material in the construction of such a structure as a bathhouse with a pitched roof is quite rich.
You need to focus on such indicators as the durability of the coating, its combination with the design of buildings located nearby, and, of course, the cost.
Among the most popular materials:
- Metal tile. This is a fairly expensive material, but it will last at least 50 years. The angle of inclination of the roof when choosing this option must be at least 30 degrees.
- Fake roof. This option is no less durable, but allows a smaller angle of inclination of the roof - from 18 degrees.
- Decking. Just as durable as the previous two. Suitable for almost flat roofs, the minimum angle of inclination is 8 degrees.
- Slate. This material can last up to 30 years. The smallest angle of inclination of the roof when choosing this option is 20 degrees.
- Ruberoid. One of the cheapest, but not durable materials. Such a roof can last 10-15 years. Roofing material can be used on roofs with a slope angle of 5 degrees.
Hydro - and vapor barrier of the roof
When building a bath from a log with a shed roof, you can not limit yourself to installing the listed structures. It will also be necessary to take care of installing steam and waterproofing, as well as roof insulation.
In addition, all wooden parts of the roof must be treated with special compounds to protect against fungi, fire and bugs.
Special membrane films are used as insulating materials.
Waterproofing is installed on the truss structure before installation of the crate. Its task is to prevent moisture from penetrating inside, which managed to penetrate through the defects of the roofing.
The vapor barrier is installed from the inside between the ceiling sheathing and the insulation material. It protects the insulation from the penetration of moisture from the bath room.
Advice! Insulating films must be overlapped (the width of the film should be at least 20 cm) and fastened with special adhesive tape. It is impossible to lay films in an interference fit, since in this case there is a high probability of rupture under the influence of temperature changes.
Roof insulation
Considering the question of how to build a bath with a pitched roof, one cannot help but touch on the topic of structural insulation. As a rule, mineral wool is used as a heater.
There is an option to replace this material with foam, however, many people prefer not to use this insulation indoors due to the possible release of toxic fumes.
Roof insulation technology involves laying a heat-insulating layer 10 cm thick.
Moreover, two layers of 5 cm thick are laid in a checkerboard pattern. In this case, all joints are blocked, so there is no risk of the formation of "cold bridges".
Advice! In order to save materials, many people prefer to lay the insulation in one layer. It is possible to compensate for the loss of thermal insulation properties by using a heat-saving vapor barrier film, for example, a two-layer Armitex membrane.
Stages of roof construction
So, all the materials have been selected and prepared, it remains to tell how to make a shed roof of the bath.
In the event that the supporting walls are separated from one another by a distance of no more than 4.5 meters, the use of additional supports is not required. The rafters are laid on the Mauerlat in increments of 60-70 cm (this figure may vary depending on the chosen building material).
To lay the rafters, grooves are cut out in the upper beam; copper wire is used for additional fastening.It should be ensured that the beams extend beyond the outer walls by a distance of at least 30 cm.
After installing the rafter system, all other layers of the roofing "pie" are mounted - vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing, lathing and roofing material.
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