From year to year, urban development becomes more dense, so using a roof only to protect against rain is wasteful. I will tell you how an exploitable roof is built, a pie that you can assemble yourself. You can use such a roof not only for its intended purpose, but also for placing a SPA-zone, an observation or sports ground.
The difference between an operated roof and a non-operated one
| Illustrations | Description of flat roofs |
 | Unexploited flat roof. This type of roof is traditional and it is undesirable to step on it because of the vulnerability of the coating. Such architectural structures are used solely for protection from precipitation. In addition, radio and telecommunications masts on special superstructures are located on such roofs. |
 | Exploited roofs. This solution is used exclusively in new homes, where living on the upper floors offers an additional level of comfort. Operated roofs are arranged using hard wear-resistant materials.
Such structures support the weight of people, furniture, green spaces, etc. Therefore, such roofs are often used as additional space for recreation areas, lawns, small gardens, etc. |
Types of exploited roofs
| Illustrations | Types of exploited roofs by functional purpose |
 | With limited walking ability. Such roof structures can be distinguished by the presence of gravel backfill. It is possible to move on such roofs, but it is not comfortable. |
 | With pedestrian pavement. This type of roof can be recognized by the presence of footpaths or by a solid surface suitable for comfortable walking. This coating can be a deck board, paving slabs, etc. |
 | Green roof. This category of roofs includes the following types: with light landscaping (grass lawn), with intensive landscaping (grass lawn, plus tall shrubs and even small trees). |
| Illustrations | Description of roofing cake |
 | Inverted roof pie with mechanical fastening. Here, on the bearing floor, a vapor barrier layer, a thermal insulation layer, a slope-forming layer (for example, a cement-sand or expanded clay screed) and the roofing itself are mechanically attached. |
 | Ballast roof. Such a device of an operated roof provides for laying the elements of the pie on the floors without mechanical fastening. That is, a hydro- and heat-insulating layer is laid out directly on the floor, and a ballast layer is used as a fixing element, for example, paving slabs, gravel backfill, decking or soil with green spaces. |
Installation of green exploited roofs
Consider what is the instruction for the device of a ballast green roof.
| Illustrations | Description of actions |
 | The basis of the roofing cake.
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 | Application of welded waterproofing. The waterproofing layer in the roofing pie is performed using bituminous multilayer coatings. The first layer is a welded substrate with the RNP marking, and the second layer is the roofing with the RNP marking. |
 | Installation of thermal insulation. A special high-density extruded polystyrene foam is used as a heat-insulating layer.
Such material is distinguished not only by low thermal conductivity, but also by resistance to mechanical stress. . Insulation plates have longitudinal spikes and grooves, due to which they are folded into a single prefabricated structure. |
 | Drainage layer device. The drainage layer is arranged using special profiled membranes.
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 | Formation of joints on the drainage layer. In order to eliminate leaks, you need to properly arrange the joint between adjacent strips. Do-it-yourself joining of the strips is carried out with an overlap with a spade of at least 10 cm. For this:
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 | Plant substrate laying. A topcoat is laid on top of the drainage layer - a layer of soil with sprouted grass. Such lawns can be bought ready-made. Alternatively, the drainage layer can be covered with soil with an average layer thickness of 100 mm and sown with grass. |
 | The device of the exploited roof with the use of paving slabs. If you did not plan to green the entire roof, a layer of gravel ballast is laid on top of the profiled membrane.
On the laid out ballast on the cement-sand mixture, paving slabs are laid. |
Sloping layer device
For effective drainage of water, a flat roof must have a slope.A correctly built structure is perceived and operated as flat, but there is a slope of up to 2-4 °. This angle of inclination is sufficient to direct water to the water intake funnels.
Overlapping is not calculated for heavy loads. Therefore, a screed up to 50 mm thick can be poured from a cement-sand mixture. For thicker screeds, when forming a large angle of inclination, it is necessary to use lighter materials, such as expanded clay concrete and lightweight cellular concrete.
The device of a membrane roof on a wooden floor
Now that we know how an exploitable roof is made on a concrete floor, it's time to find out how similar structures are made on houses with wooden floors. Since the coatings, the price of which is low, are of the greatest interest, I offer installation instructions for the roofing membrane. Geotextiles and soil or expanded clay backfill can be laid on top of the membrane.
| Illustrations | Description of actions |
 | Filling the lag with a vapor barrier film. The vapor barrier is lined from below with a continuous crate. The boards of the crate are stuffed against the direction of the lag. For sheathing, a board with a thickness of not more than 25 mm is used.
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 | Heat and sound insulation laying. At this stage of the formation of the roofing cake, mineral wool slabs are laid between the lags. The thickness and number of plates is selected in such a way that a gap of 30-50 mm remains from the surface of the insulation to the surface of the log. |
 | We sheathe the logs with a board. Boards with a thickness of at least 30 mm are laid over the lag. The direction of the boards should be opposite to the direction of the lag.
We fix the boards with self-tapping screws, so that at the end of the work we get a flooring with a maximum height of drops of no more than 2 mm. |
 | Laying the PVC coating. PVC fabric is lined with strips across the direction of the lag. For the roofing, a PVC membrane reinforced with ethereal fiber is used.
In order for the membrane to be elastic and resistant to sunlight, up to 50% of plasticizers are introduced into the composition. |
 | Membrane soldering. Properly laid membrane strips are soldered at the joint with a special soldering iron.
The seam is formed with an overlap, that is, one strip overlaps another with an overlap of approximately 50 mm. In addition, the membrane is soldered along the perimeter of the sides and along the recesses of the drains. |
Summing up
Now you know how an operated flat roof is installed and will be able to implement the proposed schemes in your country house. Do not forget to watch the video in this article, and if you have any questions, ask in the comments.
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