The roof (covering) protects the house from snow, rain, wind, melt water and is an excellent thermal insulation: it retains heat and protects against overheating. Roof installation is a very important construction stage.
The performance of the roof of its main functions depends on the quality of the work performed.
Roof roofs heavily exposed to the weather.
Therefore, she arranges:
- waterproof and moisture resistant;
- resistant to aggressive chemicals;
- resistant to the effects of the sun, radiation, frost.
Main features house roofs are cost-effectiveness in the device and operation, lightness, durability. The shape, design of the roof, material for the roof is chosen at the design stage.
The choice is significantly influenced by the design of the facade of the house and the technology used for laying the roofing material.
Roof types
There are two main types of roofs: flat and attic.
- Flat roofs are made with a slight slope for efficient water flow.. Roofs of this type are exploited (terraced) and non-exploited.
They have summer cafes, children's and sports grounds, open cinemas and more. On such roofs arrange gardens or green lawns. - Attic (pitched) are distinguished by the shape of the roof and the number of slopes. They are mainly used in private construction.
The attic roof consists of slopes, rafters and battens. For the attic roof, installation is carried out in such a way that water flows down the slopes to the wall gutters, and then into the downpipes.
Roofing roofs are made up of several components, and properly executed construction will provide ventilation to the attic and protect against condensation and heat loss.
Installation of the truss structure
Rafter structures are calculated taking into account various loads: from snow cover, wind and rains of different intensity.
There are several types of truss systems:
- layered. Such rafters are used when the roof span is not more than 6.5 m or when installing an additional intermediate support.
This is the lightest and most economical rafter system, since it requires significantly less cost to manufacture; - hanging. Installation of roofs with rafters of a hanging structure is used for a roof span of 7 - 12 m. And if at the same time there are no intermediate additional supports.
The slope of the roof is carefully calculated, as it affects its cost: the larger it is, the more expensive the structure. . The most economical is a flat roof with a slope of 5°.
The manufacture of the roof - more precisely, its truss system, takes place in stages. One of the most important stages is the preparation of the base for the truss structure.
Before starting the installation of trusses, the entire surface of the walls is leveled with a special screed. Then a layer of waterproofing, a mauerlat and a bed are laid.
Roof installation should only be carried out by qualified craftsmen, as minimal misalignment can destroy the entire roof. The frame of the truss structure is assembled from girders, wooden racks and struts.
Your attention!
The extreme rafters are installed first, and then the intermediate ones. Here, too, it is very important to avoid errors in the calculated geometric parameters.
Required distance between rafters is determined on the basis of technological calculations of the bearing capacity of the crate at the design stage and general information about the design of the truss system.
And the final stage in the installation of the rafter roof is the connection of all parts and elements with brackets, clamps or bolts.
Arrangement of the attic space
Very original is the design of the roof of the house with an attic device on it. The construction of a mansard roof allows you to get additional area of the house without significant costs and without increasing the building area.
There are several options for arranging the attic space. The attic can consist of side partitions with a height of at least 80 cm.
Its ceiling can be arranged at the level of the roof and combined with it or located at the level of puffs.
Advice!
A very important issue when arranging an attic is the creation of natural light.
The windows that are located in the gables do not provide the room with light in full.
Experts recommend embedding sloping skylights into the roof.
Features of the roof device
The construction of any type of roof is quite a responsible job.
Do-it-yourself roof installation requires certain knowledge and the obligation to fulfill indispensable conditions:
- before starting work, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with its main elements;
- to study all the features of assembling units and parts;
- for the installation of the roof, it is recommended to invite several assistants;
- when choosing a roof structure, it must be taken into account that it corresponds to the design of the house as a whole and harmoniously fits into the environment.
Construction of wooden log cabins
During the construction of country houses, it is necessary to know thoroughly how the installation of the roof on the log house is carried out correctly. If a roof is being erected for a classic log house (four walls), then this is the easiest option.
An ordinary gable roof is placed on rafter ties so that the weight of the roof is evenly distributed over the entire frame. If we make a log house - a five-wall, then the rafters are attached with special sliding fasteners. Rigid fastening can lead to deformation of the roof.
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