It is impossible to find a person who does not want to build a warm and inexpensive house. A cold house will be uncomfortable for living and you will have to pay a lot for insulation. But there is an alternative to thick brick walls - this is the insulation of the space between the walls with a heater.
- What gives the insulation of the space between the walls with polyurethane foam
- At what stages of construction is it better to pour polyurethane foam into the space between the walls
- How to prepare for the warming process
- Filling cavities between PPU walls
- Lightweight brickwork - a dubious decision
- Polyurethane foam to replace air insulation
- Filling cavities with polyurethane foam using the open method
- Filling voids with PPU by a closed method
- Equipment for pouring polyurethane foam into the interstitial space
- Examples of low pressure installations
- Examples of high pressure installations
- Advantages of filling walls with polyurethane foam
- Service life and price for PPU insulation of the interstitial space
- Conclusion
What gives the insulation of the space between the walls with polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam (PUF) is a material that has been used in Russia since the 90s of the last century, and in the USA and Europe since the late 30s, currently occupies the lion's share of insulation abroad.
The thermal insulation properties of polyurethane foam are very high. Statistics are given that a layer of insulation of 5 centimeters (the height of a matchbox) replaces 140 centimeters of brickwork (4.5 red bricks).
Filled into the space between the walls in lightweight brickwork gives savings:
- On the construction of the foundation. Such masonry does not require a massive base.
- On brick and masonry. You will need a wall not 2.5 bricks, but two half-brick walls with a gap between them. Brick will be required less by 40%, and the mass of the wall by 28%.
- All norms of SNiP on heat losses will be provided.
At what stages of construction is it better to pour polyurethane foam into the space between the walls
It is possible to produce at any stage of construction and even during operation. If you use rolled heaters, then their use is simply impossible. It is possible to fill up ecowool, expanded clay, other filling heaters only with additional work to dismantle the wall. The method of pouring polyurethane foam is easily available at the construction stage into an open cavity. In the already closed filling goes through special holes.
How to prepare for the warming process
The preparation process is divided into three stages:
- surface preparation;
- equipment preparation;
- component preparation.
When applying polyurethane foam to open surfaces for better adhesion, it is required to prepare them in accordance with SNiP 3.04. 01-87:
- Surfaces must be free of dirt, dust and oil stains before coating.
- The metal must be free of corrosion. Degrease before spraying.
- The temperature must be at least +10oC. Wet surfaces should be dried with compressed air.
- Places where it is not required to cover with PPU are sealed with a film.
To prepare the equipment, do the following:
- Before starting work, check the condition and location of the hoses for supplying components. Check the cleanliness of the filter meshes.
- Equipment must be properly grounded.
- Do not kink hoses during operation.
- Monitor the health of the pressure and temperature sensors.
- Operation is carried out strictly in accordance with the instructions of the equipment manufacturer.
- In the event of a break, relieve pressure in the supply hoses.
- After the work is completed, the equipment is conserved.
The preparation of the components is as follows:
- Components must be used within the specified time frame.
- Transportation and storage is carried out in a special container.
- The temperature of the components during spraying must be at least 200°C.
- Containers with components must be free of sediment. The components are mixed before use and, if necessary, heated to 50-65°C until the crystals are completely melted.
- Protect components from contact with water or other contamination.
Filling cavities between PPU walls
Filling is possible both during construction in still open cavities, and after completion. Accordingly, for open cavities everything is easier and more convenient.High and low pressure settings can be used.
For closed ones, it is required to use technological openings and use low pressure installations.
Lightweight brickwork - a dubious decision
Lightweight masonry is focused on saving bricks. It is performed as the construction of two walls. The outer half-brick serves as a cladding. The inner brick carries the function of the carrier. Between them there is an air gap up to 12 cm wide.
Such masonry is possible for low-rise buildings, as the reliability of the walls is reduced. For multi-storey buildings - only the upper floors. Warming is also not always up to par.
Polyurethane foam to replace air insulation
The use of polyurethane foam in the air cavities of lightweight masonry completely solves the problems with insulation very easily and without high costs.
Filling cavities with polyurethane foam using the open method
Work begins only after the brickwork has gained strength.
From above, polyurethane foam is poured into the existing voids. Foaming, it fills all the cracks and voids.
Filling control is carried out visually.
Filling voids with PPU by a closed method
Pre-drill holes in the wall in a checkerboard pattern. The diameter of the holes is 12-14 mm, the distance between them depends on the width of the gap between the walls.
The smaller the gap, the greater the distance. The first row at a height of approximately 0.3 m from the zero point. The distance between the holes is 0.6 - 1.0 meters. The next row is 0.3-0.5 m higher with an offset of 0.3-0.5 m.
Additionally, holes of small diameter (5-7 mm) are drilled for filling control.Wooden pegs are immediately prepared to plug these holes when the foam climbs.
Start pouring from the bottom row and control foaming through small holes, plugging them as necessary.
PPU flows down and the reaction begins there. The material foams and fills all voids. As a result, a seamless hermetic thermal insulation circuit is formed without cold bridges. Thermal resistance increases significantly.
Equipment for pouring polyurethane foam into the interstitial space
PPU can be applied in two ways:
- Spraying. With the help of a high pressure unit, the components are mixed in a pressurized gun and ejected from a nozzle. The reaction starts immediately. This method is used for open spraying of walls on the surface. In the inter-wall space, this equipment can be used, but not very convenient.
- Fill. For this, low pressure installations are usually used with components that give a delay of 30-40 seconds. This time is enough for the material to sink down and start filling from there.
Examples of low pressure installations
For filling, low pressure installations are used:
- Foam-98, Foam-20 of various configurations and Foam-25 of the NST company;
- PGM installations of the Rosteploizolyatsiya company;
- PROTON E-2 ("Energo");
- Promus-NP ("Industrial installations")
- NAST installations of the Tekhmashstroy company.
Low-pressure machines have a lower capacity than high-pressure machines, but they are indispensable for pouring into the space between walls.
Examples of high pressure installations
High pressure installations common in Russia:
- Graco Reactor EXP2;
- PROton E-6;
- Interskol 5N200.
They are more economical than low-pressure cleaners (by 10-15%). Form a homogeneous foam without inclusions. But for their work, a more efficient compressor is required.
Advantages of filling walls with polyurethane foam
Its advantages:
- Excellent heat insulator.
- Durability - 30-50 years.
- Good adhesion to all materials.
- It does not have cold bridges in the seams, as this coating does not form seams.
- Environmental friendliness of the material. After completion of polymerization, it becomes completely safe.
- Self-extinguishing. Does not support combustion.
- Easy. Does not create a load on the structure of the insulated building.
- Warming is possible for structures of any shape.
- Not hygroscopic. It does not require steam and hydro-isolation.
- Not exposed to aggressive environments.
- Doesn't rot or mold.
- Universal. You can insulate everything from the basement to the roof: floor, walls, ceiling, attic.
There are also disadvantages:
- Destroyed by the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
- Requires the use of special equipment.
- Requires strict adherence to spraying technology. Any deviation in the compositions leads to a deterioration in thermal insulation properties.
- High cost of insulation.
Service life and price for PPU insulation of the interstitial space
PPU coating warranty - 30 years. Service life - 50 years. Prices for polyurethane foam coating depend on the thickness of the coating, the area of the order, the nature of the place that requires insulation:
- Walls 50 + 10 mm from 1100 rubles / m2.
- Walls 100 + 10 mm from 2400 rubles / m2.
- Floors 50+10 mm from 1000 rub/m2.
Conclusion
PPU insulation of the house by pouring it into the space between brick walls in lightweight masonry completely solves the problem of heat conservation.But when choosing a contractor, you should pay attention to their equipment, certificates, and experience of specialists. Filling PPU between the walls is difficult to check and everything relies on the professionalism and conscience of the performers. No one wants to discover freezing when a lot of time has passed after the end of work.
It is not recommended to perform work in the cold season (at temperatures below +10°C). Of course, you can get around this by limiting the volume and heating the room with heat guns, but the quality will still suffer.
Checking the operation is possible only by infrared scanning.
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